Conflict Management Styles At The Individual And Little...

Numerous questions remain unasked and unanswered: Is there any confirmation that conflict cultures exist at the authoritative level? How do such unmistakable conflict cultures create? How do leaders shape the advancement of conflict cultures? What are the results of conflict cultures for authoritative level results? Answers to these inquiries can t be found in the psychological literature on conflict, which has for the most part centered around conflict management styles at the individual and little gathering level. In this paper, we begin with the reason that despite the fact that people have particular inclinations for distinctive conflict management methodologies, associations give solid settings (Johns, 2006; O Reilly and Chatman, 1996) that serve to characterize socially shared and regularizing approaches to oversee struggle—what we allude to as conflict cultures—which decrease singular variety in conflict managing strategies(De Dreu, van Dierendonck, and Dijkstra, 2004; Gelfand, Leslie, and Keller, 2008). Since standards regularly create around major issues that should be overseen in any social framework (Schein, 1992; Schwartz, 1994), and conflict is a characteristic issue in most if not every authoritative framework (Argyris, 1971), we expect that conflict cultures can create in numerous associations. We suggest that conflict cultures, similar to their individual level and little gathering analogs (De Church and Marks, 2001), take the type of avoidant, commanding,Show MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Facilitation And Self Assessment1593 Words   |  7 Pagesself-evaluation as the initial step in identifying appropriate facilitation strategies to manage group conflicts. In the Facilitation Skills Self-Assessment, I have 14 competent and good skills and 9 skills requiring improvement. For Level 1, I have good skills in time management, active group participation and clear and accurate note taking but need to learn the theoretical foundations o f facilitation. For Level 2, I am competent in goal setting, feedback, exit surveys and friendly questioning and goodRead MoreHuman Resource Management : Influence Of Organization Culture1673 Words   |  7 Pages Human Resource Management Influence of organization culture Manjot Singh Student Id No: 30305024 Course Code: BUHRM5912 Potential influence of Organization’s Culture on the ability of organizations to obtain positive HRM outcomes This essay presents theoretical information related to organizational culture and discusses the potential influence an organization’s culture has on the ability of organizations to obtain positive HRM outcomesRead MoreShould Citizens Being Able For Interact And Communicate With Local Nationals?1677 Words   |  7 PagesThe importance of expatriates being able to interact and communicate with local nationals is emphasized by the contact theory assuming that interpersonal contacts between individuals from different cultures lead to understanding and adjustment. One of the ways that expatriate newcomers become aware of appropriate behaviours in the host country is interacting with host country nationals in a social setting, as local people would be the sources of information and help to understand. The successfulRead MorePublic Sector Organizational Theory ( Postmodernism )1630 Words   |  7 PagesPublic Sector Organizational Theory Introduction This essay compares and contrasts the â€Å"Classical† and â€Å"Human Relations† approaches to management. It focuses on how these approaches are similar and compatible and looks at their differences and incompatibilities. It then explores how systems theory and contingency theory can reconcile the incompatibilities between the approaches. The question of authority in public administration has historically been a tacit one framed in terms of the public administrationRead MoreStrategies For Managing Conflicts On The Group Essay1930 Words   |  8 Pagessome strategies to manage conflict in a group. a) The impact of both positive and negative effects of conflicts on the group. (i) Increase bunch solidarity:- when gatherings face clashes tackle the contentions that time all individuals regard one another more than before because of quality of the gathering will increment. (ii) Utilize distinctive thoughts:- Working in gatherings is valuable for association on the grounds that diverse thoughts originate from individuals and errand finish in a decentRead MoreWorking Environment Gatherings Are Turning Out2180 Words   |  9 PagesWorking environment gatherings are turning out to be more basic in today s associations. 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Working in groups permits people from diverse regions (e.g. projects, raising support, and advertising)Read MoreCharacteristics Of The Organisational Culture3468 Words   |  14 PagesDifference:- 6 Work better together:- 6 Leadership Styles 8 Strategy for communicating business information 8 Pro active strategies to eliminate barriers of communication 10 Team work 11 Conflict resolution policy 13 References 15 Works Cited 15 Introduction:- Organisation Culture:- Fard, Rostamy and Taghiloo (2009) states that organisation culture is assumed worldwide as a gadget that is utilized by management to frame and deal with the beliefs, prespective andRead MoreManaging A Project Team, An Understanding And Knowledge Of The Design And Construction Process1441 Words   |  6 PagesMANAGING A PROJECT TEAM Syed Tauseef Ali (Author) Civil Engineering Department Bradley University Peoria, Illinois syedtauseefali@mail.bradley.edu Abstract—Managing a project team requires an understanding and knowledge of modern management as well as the knowledge of the design and construction process. 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In correctional officers jobs they do their work by day to day events, where crisis is encountered every day, and leadership is essential to keep an operative system running. The basis for all management is leadership where correctional officers should have authority, talent, experience, ethics, and training. One that really stands out is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs for prison

Essay on Environmental Ethics - 2347 Words

Ethics is the study of what is right and wrong in human conduct. Environmental ethics studies the effects of human’s moral relationships on the environment and everything within it (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2008). The ethical principles that govern those relations determine human duties, obligations, and responsibilities with regard to the Earth’s natural environment and all of the animals and plants that inhabit it (Taylor, 1989). The purpose of this paper is to reveal environmental issues that are threatening the existence of life on Earth, and discus our social obligations to refrain from further damaging our environment, health and life for future generations. I will discus the need for appropriate actions and the ethical†¦show more content†¦These perspectives are anthropocentric or human centered and view all non-human life as less important than humans themselves. Environmental ethics challenges these beliefs by questioning the assumed moral superiority of human beings to members of other species on earth (SEP, 2008). Preservation of the environment is essential to the preservation of the human race. Global Warming is the number one concern threatening the very existence of humans and everything within the environment today. The human race is to blame for the destruction of the natural world. The environmental issues that are threatening all human and non-human life today, started in the industrial revolution and the discovery of oil The need to improve the quality of life resulted in the construction of factories to mass produce products for consumers. These factories were powered by fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas. The combustion of these fossil fuels emitted great quantities of pollutants that remain in the Earths atmosphere to this day and is the number one cause of global warming. However, in ethics one cannot evaluate just one thing. In ethics, as in nature, everything is connected to everything else (Partr idge, 1998). Deforestation for agricultural purposes and the expansion of human habitats is happening around the world. ThisShow MoreRelatedCreating an Environmental Ethic Essay1418 Words   |  6 PagesCreating an Environmental Ethic Traditionally, Western views of environment ethics has been unclear and for the most part unnecessary. We used earth’s resources without thinking about consequence. This nonchalant use aided in the West’s ability to influence the world through technological advances. In the past, limited travel and slow communication systems had limited our view to a local one. If pollution or to much urbanization occurred the solution was to move. Industrialization hasRead More History of the Origins of Environmental Ethics Essay1045 Words   |  5 PagesHistory of the Origins of Environmental Ethics The inspiration for environmental ethics was the first Earth Day in 1970 when environmentalists started urging philosophers who were involved with environmental groups to do something about environmental ethics. An intellectual climate had developed in the last few years of the 1960s in large part because of the publication of two papers in Science: Lynn Whites The Historical Roots of our Ecologic Crisis (March 1967) and Garett Hardins The TragedyRead MoreThe Ethics Of Environmental Ethics2361 Words   |  10 PagesThe writings for the week covered different approaches to what environmental ethics is and how it is obtained. Different approaches in the value in environmental ethics are found due to the different approaches. In terms of value one must find what value means to them and how they measure it. 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Therefore, to better understand how to use these two approaches, it is better to first discuss them briefly and have a better understanding of what theyRead MoreThe Central Dilemma Of Environmental Ethics866 Words   |  4 PagesThe central dilemma in environmental ethics is determining the value of nature: what kind of value does it have, what aspects of the environment have value, and from what or whom does environmental value ultimately derive? Many philosophers have proposed answers to these inquiries, but every ethic is weak in one or more of these areas. Holmes Rolston III, an American philosopher, preacher, and naturalist, has proposed a deontological a rgument that addresses each of the key subjects in the debateRead MoreEnvironmental Ethics4554 Words   |  19 PagesEnvironmental challenges as business opportunity I. 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Humans are beenRead MoreThe Justification For Environmental Ethics Essay1840 Words   |  8 Pages In this paper, I will investigate the justification for environmental ethics arguments and its concern on human beings’ ethical relationship with the environment. While many philosophers have written on the topic of environment ethics throughout history, not until the 1970s did it develop into such a specific philosophical discipline. The individual’s knowledge of the effects that technology, industry, economic expansion, and population growth were having on the environment began in the 1960s.Read More Environmental Ethics Essay2121 Words   |  9 PagesNeed for Environmental Ethics â€Å"Unless humanity is suicidal, it should want to preserve, at the minimum, the natural life-support systems and processes required to sustain its own existence† (Daily p.365). I agree with scientist Gretchen Daily that drastic action is needed now to prevent environmental disaster. Immediate action and changes in attitude are not only necessary for survival but are also morally required. In this paper, I will approach the topic of environmental ethics from severalRead MoreDevelopment Ethics And Environmental Injustices Essay2730 Words   |  11 PagesResearch Proposal Kazi A S M Nurul Huda Assistant Professor Department of Philosophy University of Dhaka Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh Title â€Å"Development Ethics and Environmental Injustices in Bangladesh† Research Problem Critiques of understanding development as regards the processes of economic growth, industrialization, and modernization are common on the grounds that it raises as many problems as it solves. As a reaction, some scholars propose a normative understanding of development as the point of

Explanatory Framework in Employment - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Explanatory Framework in Employment Relationship. Answer: Introduction Employment is explained as a give and take relation, existing among the employee and employer. This link results in the creation of an agreement in the payment of limited amount after the contract term are finished (Gennard, Judge, Bennett and Saundry 2016). Employment relations are therefore impacted by different factors like, work term; employment place, payment according to agreement, payment mode, amount finalized for payment, completion of employment term, employment terms, working conditions, employment laws, adopting set of employment rules, advantages and loss due to employment state, inflation, regulations of employment, market rate of employment, and directions of government (Employee relations: an overview - Factsheets - CIPD 2014). Employment place- if the employment place is too far away from the place, where employees are residing and if there is a lack of efficient given at the working location. Then, in that case, employees will explore the nearby place (Gennard, Judge, Bennett and Saundry 2016). Therefore, its important that employer should take care of the employee's transfer to the workplace in the most efficient and proper way, so that staff come in office without any tiredness and dont get late (Employee relations: an overview - Factsheets - CIPD 2014). The employment working condition covers up light arrangements, space, air, the supply of water and various other requirements of working place (Gennard, Judge, Bennett and Saundry 2016). Therefore, a healthy workplace is referred as the place, where staff explores the most suitable work environment, including air conditional environment, bright arrangement of light, available and clean water supply, space for moving the process of production, as well as hindering the employees movement. Working conditions also cover up right relations of employees, along with employer and employee relations (Gennard, Judge, Bennett and Saundry 2016). That is considered as the healthy relationship existing among the employees as well as the company, who confirm the employee's presence for a long time (Employee relations: an overview - Factsheets - CIPD 2014). Therefore, in case the employee is suffering from the bad relationship at the workspace, then they will rightly look for the opportunities of employment, within the company or outside the enterprise. The rate of wage- the rate of wage, which exists within the industry in various factors that impact the relations of employment (Gennard, Judge, Bennett and Saundry 2016). That is why, if the rate of wage is less within the company in comparison with the industry than in that case, the employees will get tempted towards the job offered in the company (McFarlane Shore and Tetrick 1994). It will lead to head hunting easier, and the organization might lose talented staff. On the other side, if the rate of wage is more than in that case industry will come in a position to attract talented employees from the industry (Martin 2010). Various other organizations working conditions- the working conditions of other organizations are also part of the employee relation (McFarlane Shore and Tetrick 1994). Therefore, if the working condition of other organization within the related industry is healthier, employee friendly and safer, than staff will feel dissatisfied with its current job, and then they will try to move towards grabbing a new job in another firm (Gennard, Judge, Bennett and Saundry 2016). Explain the different types of employment status Permanent- Permanent employment is considered as a situation, in which employees enjoy their full-time employment, along with various other benefits, which includes perks, paid leaves and numerous other advantages, which are showered on an individual during the period of retirement (McFarlane Shore and Tetrick 1994). The permanent employees are also entitled to attaining every medical advantage during the employment period. Temporary- the temporary employment is referred as the situation, where employees are kept above the probation basis or either due to the irregular needs (McFarlane Shore and Tetrick 1994). Therefore, such employees are often not entitled to real advantage, and often fringes take benefits of permanent employment. But still, they are offered with basic benefits like medical leave, medical aid, time for rest and various others. These staffs are also sometimes kept as the permanent employees if there work liked by employers (McFarlane Shore and Tetrick 1994). Seasonal- the seasonal employees, cover up, all such employees that are hired for the particular period. They are mainly employed for the given time, along with specific work purpose that is ending, or either finish with termed of service of the seasonal employee (McFarlane Shore and Tetrick 1994). The employee can easily take an idea for benefits and earnings, so that they can quickly decide about joining the job in advance, instead of creating any remorse over the step, which is taken during job duration (Rousseau 1989). The employer can also easily distribute the work between various status employees. The organization can measure the payroll, which is paid at the end of the month. The particular manager can offer new entrants, with the responsibility that is mainly given to the temporary employees (Rousseau 1989). During the employer and employee relationships, employees rights include different features. It is important that employers should offer rights in the workplace, where else, and employee should try to meet the responsibility according to the employment contract. It is important. Therefore, both rights and responsibilities of both employer and employees are understood (Smith 2009). Each employee is highly entitled towards the core rights, during working time. While these rights often differ in certain industries, the core employee rights are applied in every business (Gennard, Judge, Bennett and Saundry 2016). The employers rights during the relationship between employer and employee include the followings: A well-written statement about the terms of conditions of employment, along with details and names of both the employee and employer (Gennard and Judge 2005). While the entire contract need not be mentioned in writing, specific terms and conditions of employment should be referred to in writing in two months of employment starting period (Blyton and Turnbull 2004). It would cover up ways of calculating pay and whether there is any sick pay scheme within the operation. In the case of fixed-term employees, it will include, circumstances, under which employment will get end (Gennard and Judge 2005). According to the written statement, such as pay slip, all employees are paid. It is important that pay slip gets gross pay and include every deduction made through it. Minimum wage payment- the highest working week average is around 48 hours every week (Gennard and Judge 2005). The most top 48 hour week relies on the average measured in four month time. It is noted that unpaid breaks during the time of working hours. Each staff holds the right of 15 minutes break, in case they are working for 30 minutes, and then they can get six working hours (Gennard, Judge, Bennett and Saundry 2016). The minimum notice amount before the dismissal includes the staff entitlement for getting less notice amount along with the reason for employment cease dismissal. The less amount of notice relies on service length. Therefore, employees rights rely on, payroll, bonus, holidays, medical aid, leaves, and dismissal (Gennard, Judge, Bennett and Saundry 2016). The significance of work-life balance, as well as associated legislation, cover up, legislation for rest periods, holidays, night working, working period and hours. That implies, fix some holidays will be included in casual leaves (Work-Life Balance with Employees 2014). The rest period is also part of the working time. Along with this, working hours are prefixed according to the government norms (Gennard, Judge, Bennett and Saundry 2016). In the case of night shifts, extra benefits are given, and the same is confirmed by smooth functioning of work during that period. Legislation plays a major role in how the work life balance can be easily implemented. The Working time regulation of 1988, implies that the staff cannot force to work for more than 48 hours in every week (The Works Foundation Definition 2017). It means that the employees can make sure that they take part in personal external activities, occurring in the workplace, that in turn reward Pershing with the committed and dedicated workforce (Gennard, Judge, Bennett and Saundry 2016). Summarise the legal support that may be given to employees as a family member. Pershing Helps legislation, which provides legal support to their employees and their families. Firstly, the support is provided from the Paternity and Adoption Leave Regs 2002. This law permits staff to quickly collect paid adaptation by leaving their choice for adopting the child (Gennard, Judge, Bennett and Saundry 2016). Secondly, as per the maternity and parental leave Regs 1999, it permits female staff to apply for fundamental rights, such as time off for the anti-natal care, not in case of unfairly dismissed, and the selection to work after birth of child (Maternity, paternity and adoption rights - Factsheets - CIPD 2014). Parental leave offers staff with a right to go on unpaid leave for supporting dependents in case of emergency, which is entirely funded by Pershing (Gennard, Judge, Bennett and Saundry 2016). Thirdly, as per the flexible working 1997, this law offers the statutory rights to staff for requesting the flexible working conditions. At Pershing, which is viewed as the form of changes taking place in working hours, and employees location (Gennard, Judge, Bennett and Saundry 2016). Finally, as per the employment act, 2002 that cover up paternity leave is entitled to apply for statutory paternity leave of 2 months. Pershing will also give this leave, as far as staff offer documentation to help in childbirth and provide needed notice (Armstrong 2003). Equal Pay Act 1970 came into existence for eliminating the discrimination among men and women in the context of remuneration (Equality Act 2010 2014). The key reason, which clearly justifies for treating employees fairly in the context of pay is that low type of earnings makes it challenging for women to take care of the family (Gennard, Judge, Bennett and Saundry 2016). Institute for women policy research report has explored that, if womens are paid correctly, then the income of single women would have raised more than 13.4%, and single mothers would have earned more than 17% (Gennard, Judge, Bennett and Saundry 2016). It would enhance the womens ability from the concern of economic background to offer support to the families. Particularly, if families got low income for women, then the same will impact the benefits package. However, in the case of Pershing, benefits are decided according to the yearly salary, and salaries are set as the benchmark for the level of job (Gennard, Judg e, Bennett and Saundry 2016). It makes sure that the salaries are right for the particular job, regardless of race, gender, and age and also ensure that there is no discrimination between employees. Summarise the main points of discrimination legislation Direct discrimination takes place when employer directly tries to discriminate by persons sex, age, disability, race, sexual orientation, and religion. At the stage of Pershing, every employee is equally treated, by not discriminating among old employees and young, who are dong similar job (Crawshaw, Williamson and Cullen 2006). Indirect discrimination happens when the discrimination is less than something direct like sex (Types of discrimination 2014). For example, there was a change in shift at Pershing system, which implies that the employees that previously begin at 6 am and completed at 2 pm, will start at 8 am and end at 5 pm (Crawshaw, Williamson and Cullen 2006). Another example, a mother might claim that she suffers from the indirect sex discrimination, as the changes take place in shifts, mainly for disadvantaged females who want to collect their children from the schools (Human resources jobs, news events - People Management 2014). Victimization is also referred as the discrimination, in which employer try to treat their staff less favorably from one reason to the other (Crawshaw, Williamson and Cullen 2006). At Pershing, the team has placed facts about the claim made for discrimination, and after six months, they were victimized through the line manager, due to the happening of an event (Gennard, Judge, Bennett and Saundry 2016). Harassment is also discrimination, in which employer and employees try to violate the dignity of an individual or try to create the offensive environment for them (Crawshaw, Williamson and Cullen 2006). Such type of situation has not taken place at perishing, but according to the harassment, act started in 1997 for protecting the individuals from the situation of harassment in and outside an organization. The psychological contract concept implies that each person should be equally and respectfully treated in the company. In an organization, there should be no discrimination by race, religion, sex and various other ground (The psychological contract 2014). The concept of psychological contract can be explained as the belief of an individual about the exchange agreement terms among employer and employee (Crawshaw, Williamson and Cullen 2006). It relates to transfer of an idea among the parties. Candidates apply for employment with the belief, obligations, and expectations that they wouldnt be anticipated. Along with that, the employer holds the reciprocal belief, commitment, and expectations, by leaving the place of exchange (Gennard, Judge, Bennett and Saundry 2016). Along with that, it is crucial to note that the psychological contract should not include products that are found in the contract of employment. Instead of defined promises and objectives, it relates to personal, implicit as well as malleable ones (Crawshaw, Williamson and Cullen 2006). The examples described with procedures and policies are underpinned below: All women and men are referred as equal, before officials and are bound with the set of rules within the company. In the business, discrimination should not be made by religion or class (Towers 2004). The concerned authority should always take right decisions. Explain the differences between fair and unfair dismissals. The variation among the fair as well as unfair dismissal is given below: The fair dismissal relies on the facts and follows every step, where else, unfair dismissal is biased and goes under pressure of other individual orders or either self-consumed thoughts (Leat 2012). A fair dismissal is also followed through the process of altering the termination within a set time of one month. Where else, unfair dismissal is taken on the spot. Complete payment is given to the employees in case of fair dismissal, where else, the payment are cut in case of unfair dismissal (Why treat Employees Fairly? 2014). There are mainly two similar used methods for collecting information from the employees when they resign from the position (Gennard, Judge, Bennett and Saundry 2016). It is important to offer employees with an adoption of placing a request for in-person exit interview, or by filling the exit questionnaire, or either both (Bingham 2016). The exit interview supports in exploring the reason that exists behind the cause of such type of acts that lead to termination. It also helps in enhancing the reason for dismissal or termination. The exit interview supports in exploring the actual culprit behind all problems in an organization (Denning 2000). Critical stages of redundancies are given below: The situation of redundancy occurs, when the employer proposes for the dismissal of the redundant twenty or either more employees at the settlement in 90 days. In this context, the redundancy definition differs from one used for setting up the entitlement towards the payment of statutory redundancy (Redundancy - Factsheets - CIPD 2014). It implies, the dismissal for the purpose not related to the individual staff. It Might happen, for instance, where the plant or business close down, or either where the staff no longer require, as various employees undertake the specific task (Citizens Advice - Redundancy procedures your employer must follow 2014). It might even happen, where the dismissal take place in the reallocation as well as the reorganization of work, but there is a total reduction in the hired employees, as an employer might hire a new one (Citizens Advice - Redundancy procedures your employer must follow 2014). The obligations might apply when the employer try to provide optional employment over various terms and conditions to individual employees, with the outcome that the number might warrant dismissal in less than the time of twenty. It might go in the case if the staff is redeployed over various terms and conditions that accept the new post for dismissal as well as re-engagement (Redundancy - Factsheets - CIPD 2014). The obligations are also applied towards the compulsory redundancies, but in specific situations might also implement voluntary redundancies, if the employees hold original choice, whether to stay or leave. Conclusion In the end, it is noted that employee relation need to pass by all the formal stages, which start from the admission and end at dismissal. Therefore, its better to go with the steps before getting terminated. It is noted that exit interview supports in enhancing the company functioning. References Armstrong, M. 2003. A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice, 9th edition. London: Kogan Page Bingham, C. 2016. Employment Relations: Fairness and Trust in the Workplace. SAGE Blyton, P., and Turnbull, P. 2004. The Dynamics of Employee Relations. Palgrave Macmillan Citizens Advice - Redundancy procedures your employer must follow. 2014. Citizens Advice - Redundancy procedures your employer must follow. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.adviceguide.org.uk/wales/work_w/work_work_comes_to_an_end_e/work_redundancy_e/redundancy___procedures_your_employer_must_follow.htm. [Accessed on: 8th May 2017]. Crawshaw, R., Williamson, T., and Cullen, S. 2006. Human Rights and Policing: Second Revised Edition. BRILL Denning, S. L. 2000. Practice of Workplace Participation: Management-Employee. IAP Employee relations: an overview - Factsheets - CIPD. 2014. Employee relations: an overview - Factsheets - CIPD. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/employee-relations-overview.aspx. [Accessed on: 8th May 2017]. Equality Act 2010. 2014. Equality Act 2010. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/section/5. [Accessed on: 8th May 2017]. Gennard, J., and Judge, G. 2005. Employee Relations. CIPD Publishing Gennard, J., Judge, G., Bennett, T., and Saundry, R. 2016. Managing Employment Relations. McGraw-Hill Education Human resources jobs, news events - People Management. 2014. HR news, jobs blogs | Human resources jobs, news events - People Management. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.cipd.co.uk/pm/peoplemanagement/b/weblog/archive/2013/01/29/quickguideworkandfamiliesact2006-2007-04.aspx. [Accessed on: 8th May 2017]. Leat, M. 2012. Exploring Employee Relations. Routledge Martin, J. 2010. Key Concepts in Human Resource Management. SAGE Maternity, paternity and adoption rights - Factsheets - CIPD. 2014. Maternity, paternity and adoption rights - Factsheets CIPD. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/maternity-paternity-adoption-rights.aspx. [Accessed on: 8th May 2017]. McFarlane Shore, L. and Tetrick, L.E. 1994. The psychological contract as an explanatory framework in the employment relationship, In: Cooper, C.L and Rousseau, D.M. Trends in organisational behaviour. London: John Wiley Sons Redundancy - Factsheets - CIPD. 2014. Redundancy - Factsheets CIPD. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/redundancy.aspx. [Accessed on: 8th May 2017]. Rousseau, D.M. 1989. New hire perspectives of their own and their employers obligations: A study of psychological contracts. Journal of Organisational Behaviour, 11, pp. 389-400. Smith. 2009. Why Equal Pay is still Important. [Online] Available from: https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2009/01/equal_pay_reasons.html [Accessed on: 8th May 2017]. The psychological contract. 2014. Theory, diagrams, definitions, examples of the psychological contract in work, businesses, organizations and management. the psychological contract, theory, diagrams, definitions, examples of the psychological contract in work, businesses, organizations and management. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.businessballs.com/psychological-contracts-theory.htm. [Accessed on: 8th May 2017]. The Works Foundation Definition. 2017. [Online] Available from: https://www.theworkfoundation.com/difference/e4wlb/definition.aspx [Accessed on: 8th May 2017]. Towers, B. 2004. The Handbook of Employment Relations: Law and Practice. Kogan Page Publishers Types of discrimination. 2014. Definitions: Equality Law: Promoting Equality, Preventing Discrimination. Types of discrimination: definitions: Equality Law :: Promoting Equality, Preventing Discrimination. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.equality-law.co.uk/news/106/66/Types-of-discrimination-definitions/. [Accessed on: 8th May 2017]. Why treat Employees Fairly? 2014. Why treat Employees Fairly?. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.citeman.com/10892-why-treat-employees-fairly.html. [Accessed on: 8th May 2017]. Work-Life Balance with Employees. 2014. Society | CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) | OMRON Global. 2014. Work-Life Balance with Employees | Society | CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) | OMRON Global. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.omron.com/about/csr/society/employee/work_life/ [Accessed on: 8th May 2017].

The Effects of Advancing Technology on Society Essays -

Technology is something that is necessary and very important in the world today. Almost everything uses technology, and almost everyone uses technology. It is even used right now. I am using technology to type this up while you are using it to read. Therefore, it is important to understand something we use in our everyday life properly and discuss whether it has a greater positive or negative impact. Technology has countless positive impacts on society today. Many important processes in the industry and household have been automated and expedited by technology. Technology allowed transportation to improve from animals to modern-day automobiles and aircraft. A lot of jobs once done by humans before are now replaced with robotic devices. We can also do things that are impossible with man alone, such as driving around on Mars. Technology has proved useful in life-risking tasks such as space exploration and mining. The computer technology changed the whole world over night and continues to do so at faster than light speeds. Computers have allowed the software industry to rise and help us save and organize data, as long with a lot of information processing. It is also improved communication which includes Facebook, mobile devices, and satellite communication. Internet also improved entertainment and the industry of advertising. Although most people think technology is really important in their daily lives, they don?t realize that it is also negatively affecting people and society. Technology not only affected industry in a positive way, but also in a negative way. Some businesses are forced to close down since technology took over their job and there are no more demands in that industry. For example, newspaper companies are affected greatly by the advanced technology because news is always available on the internet for free. It also puts lithographical printing into a bind because business and companies use methods of digital printing. Now you don?t have to buy music at stores because you can download them from the internet which closed down a lot of big music stores. This applies to the industry of movies too because less people are buying DVDs when it is available online on the internet. Technology improved communication to be able to contact with almost anyone at any time which seems like something good, but this causes people to not interact personally with each other which has built a wall in between real life communication. Now when you call almost any business, you are connected with a recorded voice and automated answering systems. You could call for a week straight to the same company and never get in contact with a single human being. We no longer have to call up someone to congratulate them. You send your loved ones an electronic message instead of a card for special occasions. There is nothing special about that certain message, than any of the other ones received. Technology makes people lazier so they don?t have the desire to walk out from their home and find entertainment like having a meeting with a friend in a coffee shop. Most teenagers are a huge fan of video games, especially ones that are advanced in technology like Xbox or PS3. But when teens get hooked onto video games at such a young age it can harm the child in many ways. One way it can harm the child is if the child is in love with a violent video game with a lot of gore, it can potentially make the kid want to do what he sees on the screen in reality. A lot of teenagers who join the army do not realize what they really got themselves into because they were influenced from what they saw on the screen when playing a video game at home. If a kid plays a video game at home and reenacts what he does in the game at school, he can get himself or his peers in a lot of trouble. On one website, a 20 year old was killed by a blood clot caused from playing Xbox persistently for days on end until he died. This man chose to sit in his room and play a video game for 12 straight hours. (Chan, 2011) The internet

Lin Onuss Cultural Identity Seen in Fruit Bats Essay Example

Lin Onuss Cultural Identity Seen in Fruit Bats Paper He became a professional artist In the year of 1974, throughout his artistic life he became a exceedingly creative artist and arts administrator. From the very beginning of his days he was portrayed as an Ideal Australian, his cultural identity was clear. As he was born to an aboriginal father and a white mother, he was a living example of the conception that two people, even from different cultures, different upbringings and beliefs could come together as one. Two examples of artworks that demonstrate his cultural Identity are: Fruit Bats (1991 ) and Fruit Bats 1 991 Is a work that shows a combination of the two cultures that make Line Onus. This work visually shows the two societies slowly combining. The mall aspect of the artwork that shows the western cultures identity would be the hills hoist clothesline which is what the bats are hanging from. The Aboriginal aspects of this org that suggest the combining of the two different cultures are those such as the aboriginal symbol for bat droppings (Earner) which is in fact is made from the droppings from the bats hanging in this work. Another aboriginal characteristic of this work is that all ninety-nine fiberglass fruit bats have been painted with a type of Aboriginal pattering called rack. Not only do the traditional techniques used for the fruit bat droppings and patterns on each bat contrast with the current materials of today, they also contrast with the modern inspiration of these installations. The main characters in the work are the fruit bats these are presented as the link between the two cultures within one land. The droppings from these fruit bats could be interpreted to say the aboriginal culture is marking their territory. The fruit bats can therefore be seen to symbolism the will to repossess the land that rightfully belongs to the aboriginal people. We will write a custom essay sample on Lin Onuss Cultural Identity Seen in Fruit Bats specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lin Onuss Cultural Identity Seen in Fruit Bats specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lin Onuss Cultural Identity Seen in Fruit Bats specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Savage Wars Of Peace review essays

Savage Wars Of Peace review essays Max Boots book, The Savage Wars of Peace, is researched and written very well. He brings a new light and importance to the small wars or low intensity conflicts that in time, helped America become a world power. He began writing the book because he wanted to provide a concise history of Americas small wars abroad that...relate[s] the past to problems confronting the United States today. In the end he realized that not only did he write a book about small wars that could relate to present problems, but also a book that shows how the United States has always found itself being drawn into the savage wars of peace. The main theme of this book is that in America's history, war in some variety is the rule and not the exception. Dissimilar to the accepted myth, the United States military has fought several small wars to support the country's interests overseas, often times without a preceding announcement of war. Boot skillfully explains how the country started out as a commercial po wer before becoming a great power in the 1890s and then, finally, a superpower in 1941. Boots book is an informational read providing useful information on small wars, while including a great base for the science, as well as the art, of waging small wars. Along with all the different areas he touches in his book, most importantly Boot's novel contains some very important lessons that may prove to be very useful to the duty-bound Coalition completing its task in Iraq. The book provides information and facts that is not always well known. He mentions many actions, conflicts, and moments in history that are not always mentioned in many of the text books read today. Boots writing is not dry, or uninteresting. On the contrary, he is able to hold interest with his creative titles, and subtitles, such as Pirates of the Caribbean, of different sections within the book, al...

Movie Witness Written by Mark Book in 1985 Essay

Movie Witness Written by Mark Book in 1985 - Essay Example In this movie, we find two characters Rael and her son Samuel, boarding a train to take them to Baltimore to visit Rachel’s sister. This part has a reflection of family ties exhibited by the Amish community. It shows how the community values keeping close with other family members irrespective of the distance. This is because, despite the many challenges they face and delays of the train, they braved themselves and waited for three hours to ensure that they reach the destination and see their sister. The western culture also values family ties as notes Capsi (72). He notes that mothers liked keeping family members close the same way Rael an Amish woman does. He, however, notes that close family ties are getting cut off. Capsi (76) asserts that some Americans express fear that they would soon lose their family members through family cutoffs. According to western culture, a brother-brother relationship is emphasized for rivalry, jealousy, competitiveness, and ambivalence. Howeve r, this is not the case with the Amish Community. The train is divided into compartments with different rooms for men and women. According to western culture, this is not the case as both men and women are expected to share an apartment. There is no differentiation between men and women’s apartments. It is in the men’s room that Samuel witnesses the murder of an undercover narcotics. This is followed by the entry of the detectives among them being John Book. The book is seen receiving a phone call which makes Samuel wander about in the room. He wonders because his Amish community is a conservative community and always avoids phone calls (New York Times 72). The movie, therefore, brings about the change in technology, which has become the mode of communication in western culture. Inside the room, there is a newspaper article that talks of McFee, one of the narcotics officers.

Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports - Essay Example The drama of performance on world scene is so overpowering that athletes sometime fall in the controversy of doping (use of performance enhancing drugs) in sports. A winning athlete is the star of the public eye just as a politician, musician or a literary figure and their image is a delicate balance training, character and publicity. When athlete resorts to taking performance enhancing drugs, they not only hurt themselves but in turn set in motion a chain of events that destroys the sport each time a new case surfaces. The controversy which has been built around athletic doping or use of performance enhancing drug to maximize sport performance can be traced back to 490 BC in the legendary marathon run by Feidipides, which made him a superhero at the cost of his life (Savulescu, et al. 2004). Performance enhancing drugs has been reported to be used even since the Greeks started the Olympics in 776 BC. Olympic athletes were believed to have used herbs and mushrooms in an attempt to improve their performance. However, it was not until the early 19th century that the problem became a menace to the sport. Today, the thrust for winning is so high that there are reports that performance-enhancing drugs have been used in college, high school and junior high/middle school athletics around the world (Kidsource OnLine, 1996). The desire to outperform the other competitors at any cost is so demanding. The performance oriented athletics with result at its core is fuelled by different levels of drugs which enhance shot-term and long-term performance. The progress in technology offers greater lure to administering different levels of biological intervention. ... The progress in technology offers greater lure to administering different levels of biological intervention. The health and the fitness should be the core of rational judgment rather than emotional euphoria of success. The use of doping takes away the human element of ethics and honesty in sports. An athlete stoops down to the level of an animal with no reason, choice or judgment. Some of the performance-enhancing drugs are dangerous; they have multitude physical, mental and emotional side effects ranging from short-term to long-term. Anabolic steroids are associated are associated with a range of side effects, including heart attacks and liver cancer. Some doping substances are permitted in low doses like alcohol and caffeine. Another form of doping is blood doping either by blood transfusion or use of the hormone erythropoietin. In recent times tetrahydrogestrinone(THG) and modafinil are causing controversy throughout the sporting world. The number and variety of drugs use by athletes are rather alarming. Substances used as ergogenic aids are meant to primarily increase size, endurance and strength of the athletes. Performance increasing drugs also include beta-adrenoceptor blockers and beta-adre noceptor agonists, calcium-channel blockers, diuretics, growth hormone and growth hormone stimulants, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, iron, theophylline and in some situations, vitamins (Lajis, N.D.). These substances used to boost athletic performance, increase strength and improve appearance present a serious health risk. Use of enhancement drugs violates athlete's autonomy. Besides, such illegal acts questions their confidence, morals, ethics and takes away

Unit 4 Individual Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Unit 4 Individual Project - Essay Example on creates the incentive to trade the products you are good at producing in exporting transitions and the goods and services a country is not efficient at producing are imported into an economy. The end result of the trade activity among nation is a better standard of living of all the participating nations in international trade (Nobelprice, 2008). The Ricardian theory was derived from the principles of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory as far as its objectives. The theory is better than Heckscher-Ohlin because it adds the element of labor theory of value into the demand and supply approach used in the Heckscher-Ohlin economic model (Gontijo, 2000). Another major difference is the inclusion of the concept of competitive advantage into the Ricardian theory. Trade activity among trade partners positively affects the distribution of income of the countries involved in the transactions. The Heckscher-Ohlin model demonstrates the positive outcome of trade which increases the distribution of income the resident of nations. The way distribution of income is improved through trade is due to the appreciation of value as direct consequence of trade transactions. For example Argentina is able to produce apples at $1 a pound, and sells them in the open market at $1.75 per pound. In Brazil it cost $2 to produce the same apples, then Brazil has no incentive to produce apples since it can purchase them at $1.75 from Argentina. In the transaction Brazil acquired value in the form of $0.25 which is distributed in the economy of the nation and which positively affects the standard of living of all Brazilians. Factor endowment theory equalizes the relative costs between nations as well as the prices of factors of production (Csus). The principle assumption of the theory is that price equalization is derived from international activity trade among nations. The applicability of endowment theory is greatly enhanced by Leontief theory. The Leontief theory says that a country specialized in

Systems Engineering: RTV Silicone Sealant Application System

Systems Engineering: RTV Silicone Sealant Application System Abstract As technology advances seemingly exponentially in the 21st century, the need for more and more complex systems grows too. Continuous improvement is key to a successful, growing business. This envelops everything within the organisation and engineered systems are no exception. Complex engineered systems require a level of control, this control is important for producing quality products and services. Considering advancing technology and continuous improvement, organisations need to explore ways in which the performance of engineered systems can be maximised. Multi-agent systems (MAS) are a relatively new theory which is put into practice when monolithic systems cannot solve the problem, so as systems become more and more complex, the need for MAS increase. Glossary of Terms FTT defined as the percentage of engines that pass a process first time. JPH the number of engines which pass through a process per hour. RTV room temperature vulcanisation silicone sealant. MAS Multi-agent systems 1. Introduction At the Engine Manufacturing Centre (EMC), Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) manufacture and assemble diesel and petrol engines. The author is a process engineer within the diesel assembly hall, whose main job role is to improve any assembly processes that negatively impact first time through (FTT) or jobs per hour (JPH). Currently, the issue that is causing the largest impact on said deliverables is the automatic application of RTV silicone sealant to the engine block to form a seal with the rear cover (Figure 1, below). This automated process has an average FTT of 61% and a value of 59 JPH over the past thirty days.ÂÂ   The target JPH value across the entire diesel assembly line is 68, which means this process is causing an average deficit of nine engines per hour causing considerable damage towards achieving production targets. The process itself is performed by two autonomous robots whereby one robot applies the sealant and the other robot holds the engine and moves it along a specified path. There are two HMIs present, one to program each robot. The robot holding the engine can be programmed with its position, its movement within the six degrees of freedom and its velocity. Whereas the only programmable functions are the start, end and speed and feed of the sealant. 2. Systems Engineering Life Cycle Stages The role of systems engineering is to ensure the success of a system, judged by how well its requirements and development objectives are met, its operation in the field and the length of its useful operating life. Systems engineering aims to establish a technical approach that will aid the operational maintenance and the eventual upgrading of the system. A system life cycle is a term used to encapsulate the evolution of a new system, where it begins with a concept and grows through development into production, operation and lastly, destruction. 2.1 Concept Development Where there is a desire for a new system, the concept development stage contains the planning and analysis required to affirm the need, the feasibility and the architecture for the new system to best satisfy the needs of the user. There are four main objectives of the concept development stage: Decide whether there is a market and need for a technically and economically feasible system. Design and confirm the system requirements after exploring different system concepts (see figure 3 below). This stage converts the system which has been derived from the needs analysis, into an engineering oriented view for the concept definition and development. When looking at performance requirements it is important to identify the major functions needed to complete the actions needed. In the case of this example, its functional elements should include, power robot, control movement, control speed, and apply RTV. To aid with this activity a systems engineer would use a function category versus functional media diagram (figure 4). Concept selection, agree on its characteristics and plan for the forthcoming stages of engineering, production and operation of the system. It answers the question what are the key characteristics of a system concept that would achieve the most beneficial balance between capability, operational life, and cost?[1]. Develop and validate any technological developments required by the new system. 2.2 Engineering Development Figure 4 (below) shows three stages of engineering development. Firstly, the advanced development stage incorporates two important purposes. One being the identification and reduction of risks, the second being the development of system specifications. Secondly, the engineering design phase is considerably more detailed than any stages preceding it. Usually, this stage offers an opportunity for potential customers to get an early look at the product, who can, in turn, provide valuable feedback to the developers. Lastly, the integration and evaluation phase is where the new system is installed and subsequently checked to ensure that it meets customer requirements. 2.3 Post Development Within the post-development phase there are two sub-phases; the production phase and the operations and support phase. The system is now being produced, for example, for a manufacturing environment. Occasionally there are unexpected issues that arise within the production of the system which requires a systems engineer to solve to prevent disruptions in the production schedule. Once the system is live, system support is critical. Maintenance personnel should be sufficient until more complex problems arise, where they need to call on the experience of systems engineers. 3. Function Block Diagram 4. Control Architecture 4.1 Centralised Control The centralised control system architecture has one component designated as the controller which is responsible for managing the execution of other components. The term architecture is used to suggest a focus on the relationship between the major structural elements in a system. This architecture falls into two classes depending on the execution of the controlled components, either sequentially or in parallel. These are the call-return model, only applicable in sequential systems, and the manager model, used in concurrent systems [3]. The main reasons to use centralised control architecture is that it is simple to conceive and due to its omniscience it can make optimal decisions which take all factors into account. However this architecture does have drawbacks, most notably the expense in which is required to create the control architecture, the control algorithm needs to be very complex. Furthermore, the degradation of any signal path can cripple the function of the entire system, so they can be fragile. 4.2 Hierarchical Control Organised in a hierarchical tree, this control system decomposes the problem and allocates it to separate controllers which take control of a subset of the system functions. This can exist over a number of levels, meaning each function could be controlled individually. Optimal control is still possible within a hierarchical architecture as there is always a path to a top-level node; however, not all information can travel through every path. Commonly some filtering of data occurs between levels. In contrast to centralised control, the control algorithm is much simpler due to decomposition. This means the time and cost of implementation are much lower. Between the different branches of the structure, there is a degree of independence, reducing the effect of system degradation. However, there is usually delay in the processing of each algorithm and in the feedback loop. 4.3 Heterarchical Control Heterarchical control architecture is more robust than hierarchical control and is very flexible and extensible. Additional system functions, such as manufacturing processes and equipment, can be added with almost no added system control cost. However, heterarchical architecture lacks centralised visibility of the system as a whole which means planning can be sub-optimal; this control system is sometimes referred to as being short sighted. Though this does mean that short-term decision making is very good. [4] 4.4 RTV Robot Cell Control System Centralised control is not suitable for the RTV robot cell system. The reason for this being the fact that it is too expensive to create and change. Additionally, the fault tolerance of the control system must be taken into account. A manufacturing line with such high demand for machine availability must not be crippled by the loss of just one signal. The most suitable and, as it happens, the current control system architecture for this system would be hierarchical. The main downside to this architecture is its response time when there are lots and lots of levels. However, its strengths are combines the strengths of the other two control architectures discussed, albeit slightly diluted. Heterarchical control has strengths that would be fantastic for an automated cell in a manufacturing environment, but its weaknesses deem it unacceptable. If one could combine hierarchical and heterarchical architectures and take away the myopic nature of heterarchy, it could be a system which improves how automated cells are controlled. 5. Multi-Agent Systems A multi-agent system is a system composed of multiple interacting intelligent agents. For problems that are too difficult or even impossible for an individual agent to solve, multi-agent systems can be used. Commonly thought of as being computerised, the agents within a multi-agent system could also be robots, humans, human teams or a combination of humans and robots. There are three different types of agents: Passive agents, agents without goals. Active agents, agents with simple goals. Cognitive agents, agents containing complex calculations. Agents can also be reactive or deliberative, this can be represented by the BDI model (figure 6- below). BDI stands for Belief, Desire, Intention where belief is knowledge of the environment, desire is the need to satisfy an objective and intention is the ability to command action(s). Deliberative agents extend the BDI model to include a symbolic model of the external environment- including data and relationships, memory, the ability to plan and the ability to choose between alternative actions. One could make a case to incorporate multi-agent systems within an automated robot cell at the present time. There is a need for configurability, for example, when a new derivative of engine is introduced and the robot has to be programmed to function differently. The system will need robustness, so if one agent is lost it does not compromise the whole system. However using a hierarchical architecture provides a sufficient degree of configurability and robustness with less cost and complexity. Multi-agent systems provide dynamic task allocation rather than pre-planned schedules, for an automated robot cell this is not needed, automation needs efficiency in static conditions [5]. 6. Conclusion The automated RTV application robot cell is currently in the operational phase of the system lifecycle, it is in need of improvement however it is not the system that needs improving. The system works as it is meant to, however, it is the incorrect system that is in place which is causing the problems. As automotive technology moves towards electrification and autonomous behaviour there will be a need to include more and more multi-agent systems within the vehicles themselves but also within manufacturing systems. There will be a need for greater flexibility, adaptability, reconfigurability and collaboration.ÂÂ   Unfortunately, incorporating a multi-agent system in this instance would not have a positive impact on this system. 7. References [1] Kossiakoff, Sweet, Seymour, Biemer. (2011). System Life Cycle. In: Sage, A. Systems Engineering Principles and Practice. 2nd ed. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc.. 77. [2] Lecture provided PowerPoint slides. [3] Ian Sommerville. (2008). Centralized Control. Available: https://ifs.host.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Books/SE9/Web/Architecture/ArchPatterns/CentralControl.html. Last accessed 14/02/17. [4] J.M. van de Mortel-Fronczak and J.E. Rooda. (1997). Heterarchical Control Systems for Production Cells. . 1 (1), 213-217. [5] Various. (). Multi-agent system. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-agent_system. Last accessed 20/02/17.

If the White House Walls Could Talk :: American America History

If the White House Walls Could Talk They paint over me so many times as if they could cover up my memories. My memories cannot be covered up or erased, just as your memories they go on forever. I will never forget the Watergate scandal and Richard Nixon or women's rights from the mid-1800s to the 1900s. During the Watergate scandal, President Nixon corrupted justice, created a constitutional crisis, and eventually was forced to resign. President Richard Nixon corrupted justice. He led CREEP, which is the Republican committee for the re-election of the President. They sabotaged the Democratic Party. They were the actual burglars. CREEP were the people who really went into the Watergate apartments to wiretap and photograph documents. They raised tens of millions of dollars illegally for Nixon's reelection. Nixon alone without the people who worked under him hid tapes that contained evidence of the Watergate scandal. He only submitted excerpts from the tapes that made him look innocent. I remember when Nixon refused to hand over any of the other tapes. He claimed "executive privilege" and "separation of powers." From what the other walls and I saw after he was forced by the Senate to turn in the rest of the evidence he displayed complete dishonesty. He ignored lawful subpoenas; at leas t that is what the oval walls of Nixon's office told everyone. One of the West Wing's walls told me of speech he made saying he knew nothing of the Watergate cover-up and the nine months after the whole incident occurred he gave a speech taking responsibility and blame for the whole thing. The only good thing that I saw come out of the Watergate scandal was that it made the nation stronger. The United States of America survived a true constitutional test. It proved that impeachment is successful. Connecticut's Judge John Sirica, North Carolina's Senator Sam Ervin, and Professor Archibald Cox prosecuted Nixon for the Watergate scandal.

Domestic Partnership Essay

The advantages gained by providing benefits to domestic partners can outweigh the costs. This report will define domestic partnerships, outline the various benefits available for dependants, provide analysis related to the cost of providing benefits to dependants of domestic partnerships, discuss various benefit package options and related costs, and provide details related to the value the company stands to gain by offering such benefits. Domestic Partnership Domestic partnerships are generally thought of as a relationship between two members of the same sex. While same sex relationships garner most of the attention, domestic partnerships are not always between members of the same sex. California Family Code Section 297 defines domestic partners as â€Å"two adults who have chosen to share one another’s lives in an intimate and committed relationship of mutual caring. To establish a domestic partnership in California, a couple must file a Declaration of Domestic Partnership with the Secretary of the State, share a common residence, not be married or in a domestic partnership with someone else, not be related by blood, both are over the age of 18, both are the same sex, or opposite sex over the age of 62 and meet the eligibility criteria under the Social Security Act. Legal Issues Currently, 18 states offer domestic partner benefits for same-sex partners of state employees. Several state and local governments that offer health insurance and other benefits to employees’ unmarried domestic partners are currently facing lawsuits. Proponents of the Defense of Marriage Acts (DOMA) claim these constitutional amendments prohibit governments from offering such benefits to any dependent of a relationship that does not fit the state’s constitutional definition of marriage. Both gay-rights advocates and the American Civil Liberties Union dispute such amendments and are currently engaging DOMA proponents in courts across America in attempts to resolve their differences (Gentile, 2006). The costs associated with defending such legal matters can prove to be very cumbersome. Types of Employer Benefits When seeking employment, benefit packages play a major role in attracting and keeping employees. Employer benefits consist of more than the basic medical, dental, and vision plans. A variety of additional benefits being sought after by potential employees include, but are not limited to, retirement plans, life insurance and the family medical leave act. To qualify for domestic partner benefits, employees may be asked to sign a statement or submit an affidavit asserting they live with a domestic partner and are financially interdependent† (Greenwald, 2003). Health Insurance â€Å"For most nonelderly people in the United States, health insurance and access to health care derive from one’s own or a family member’s employment† (Ash and Badgett, 2006). In all fairness, these types of benefits should be offered to these types of families under the cu rrent guidelines of Domestic Partnership. Two levels of benefits are offered by employers, single coverage and family coverage. Single employees are at a disadvantage when it comes to compensation because some employers offer their employees a flexible benefit to assist with costs. These benefits will include all the same privileges that legally recognized families are currently receiving. The entitlement shall consist of doctor’s visits, prescription drug coverage, hospitalization, and eye exams (Briggs, 1994). Dental Benefits Dental care is an essential benefit which should be available to all family members. Preventive dental care could significantly reduce loss of productivity and catch problems before they become chronic or severe† (Gustin, 2003). Dental benefits are very affordable and valuable. One available option is for this company to offer dental as a voluntary option. This would enable the employees and their domestic partner to take advantage of the dental plan at a group rate, but the employee woul d be responsible for the cost (Gustin, 2003). Retirement/401K Retirement Plans and 401K’s are benefits that are only available to employees; however, choosing beneficiaries is a very important detail to these plans. Although domestic partners cannot be given all of the rights of spouses, plans can be structured to provide them with many of the benefits available for spouses† (Davis, 2007). In addition to being named as beneficiary, a hardship withdrawal can be taken based on the need of the domestic partner, and domestic partners will have the right to rollover death benefits (Davis, 2007). Life Insurance Employee life insurance is available at a more affordable rate through employer plans. Adding family members is an optional benefit. Under this plan, domestic partners and children would be entitled to life insurance coverage for just pennies a day. This would incur no expense for the employer and the employee would benefit from a group rate. Cost to Employees and Employers The cost of healthcare is on the rise and no end to this crisis is in sight. Most people believe all employers should offer health insurance to its employees; however, with the cost of healthcare so high companies who offer these benefits are trying to find ways to offset costs. If all employers did offer health, dental, and life insurance, who would cover the cost? A survey administered by the Commonwealth Fund titled The Public’s Views on Healthcare Reform in the 2008 Presidential Election asked that question to 3,500 randomly selected adults. 70% of people surveyed thought the cost should be shared equally between the employer, employees, and the government. 80% of the people surveyed also thought that if an employer did not offer health insurance they should contribute to the cost of coverage (Lubell, 2008). Tax Equity The Tax Equity for Domestic Partner and Health Plan Beneficiaries Act of 2007 was introduced March 29, 2007. The act states employers offering healthcare insurance have to provide healthcare coverage to domestic partners, same-sex or opposite sex. This law has been added to stop federal tax inequalities same-sex couples currently face when receiving healthcare benefits offered by their employers (Postal, 2007). The new law significantly affected employers in the Northeast and Western states because 42% of larger companies in the Northeast, and 38% of companies in the West have same-sex domestic partner healthcare coverage. Only 14% of large companies in the Midwest and 10% of companies in the south have this type of coverage (Cohen, 2004). Dual Coverage Because the cost of healthcare has increased 15% since 2003, some states in the U. S. have prohibited employees from claiming their spouses/domestic partners as dependents; thus, prohibiting dual coverage in the workforce. Banning dual coverage for these employees saves the state tax payers several million dollars per year while the employees and their families have suitable health insurance coverage. Employees rely on dual health insurance coverage to cover out of pocket costs resulting from procedures which are not fully covered by their primary carrier. Dual coverage insurance can save families hundreds, if not thousands of dollars per year, but can potentially cost the employer hundreds or thousands more (Employer-Sponsored, 2004). Annual Cost According to a research study performed by The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation and Health Research and Education Trust in 2006, private employers nationwide spend an average of $4,242 for single coverage and $11,480 for family coverage on employer sponsored health insurance coverage annually (Employer Health, 2006). Whether the employee is a single hetero-sexual or homo-sexual the rate for single coverage remains the same. The same for family coverage, the married hetero-sexual couple and the same-sex or opposite-sex domestic partners family coverage cost also remains the same. Employees are paying an average of $1,860 for single coverage and $4,848 for family coverage annually. These costs are causing employers to raise workers’ insurance premiums or reduce coverage. Some companies perform internal audits to eliminate ineligible dependents, older children, and ex-spouses/ex-domestic partners. If an employer finds dependents on an employees’ insurance that should not have been covered, the employee is required to pay back medical bills and insurance premiums through payroll deductions (Employer-Sponsored, 2004). Using information from these internal audits employers may notice a slight domestic partner enrollment increase: 0. 1%-0. 3% for gay and lesbian partners and 1. 3%-1. 8% for heterosexual partners. The increase in enrollment does not significantly affect the annual cost to the employer for employer-sponsored benefits provided to domestic partners and their families (Ash and Badgett, 2006). Benefits to the Company Healthcare continues to be a concern to both employees and employers. Employers are developing and offering programs and incentives to attract various types of workers, including those in domestic partner relationships, to attract more qualified candidates. Making benefits available to an employee’s domestic partner, a company is likely to hire and retain an employee whose work output is optimal. Employees in a domestic partner relationship appreciate their employer considering their particular need which results in a higher production rate. Davis 2007). Increased Productivity An employee who is healthy and has a healthy family is less likely to call in sick and take unnecessary time off to care for his or her family. In a study conducted by Ipsos-Reid (2004), two main contributors to employee absenteeism are depression and stress. Health benefits made available to an employee and his or her domestic partner can help reduce these factors. Mark Cauthen, benefit manager for the city of Colorado Springs, believes if one’s dependents feel better, the employee is more productive and focused at work (Wojcik, 2007). Preventative Measures Many companies have recognized the importance of helping employees manage their work and personal lives. Some of the more common preventive measure benefits currently being offered to employees, their domestic partners, and other immediate family members residing in the home are: wellness, flu shots, and fitness programs. Offering these various programs help the employee feel the employer cares for the health of his or her family resulting in increased productivity (Meghji 2007). Lower attrition rates An employer must also be concerned with the effect of employee retention. Currently 50% of Fortune 500 companies are providing benefits to employees involved in same sex domestic partnerships and heterosexual partnerships. Conclusion Offering benefits to domestic partners makes good business sense. While providing benefits to domestic partners may slightly increase employer cost, the benefits will prove profitable. As the research has indicated, enrollment will increase slightly which will not pose a financial hardship to any corporation.

Evelution of Satalites

Evelution of Satalites The satellite is probably the most useful invention since the wheel. Satellites have the capability to let you talk with someone across the nation or let you close a business deal through video communication. Almost everything today is heading towards the use of satellites, such as telephones. Att has used this communications satellite (top right) ever since the late 1950s. TVS and radios are also turning to the use of satellites. RCA and Sony have released satellite dishes for Radio and Television services. New technology also allows the military to use satellites as a weapon. The new ION cannon is a satellite that can shoot a particle beam anywhere on earth and create an earthquake. They can also use it's capability for imaging enhancement, which allows you to zoom in on someone's nose hairs all the way from space.Robert Gossard (left) was one of the most integral inventors of the satellite.MILSTAR: A communication satelliteHe was born on October 5, 1882. He earned his Masters and Doctoral degree in Physics at Clark University. He conducted research on improving solid-propellant rockets. He is known best for firing the world's first successful liquid-propellant rocket on March 16, 1926. This was a simple pressure-fed rocket that burned gasoline and liquid oxygen. It traveled only 56m (184 ft) but proved to the world that the principle was valid. Gossard Died August 10, 1945. Gossard did not work alone, he was also in partnership with a Russian theorist named Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Tsiolkovsky was born on September 7, 1857. As a child Tsiolkovsky educated himself and rose to become a High School teacher of mathematics in the small town of Kaluga, 145km (90mi) south of Moscow. In his early years Tsiolkovsky caught scarlet fever and became 80% deaf. Together, the theoretical work of Russian Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and...

Samsung Essays - Semiconductor Companies, Chaebol, Samsung

Samsung Essays - Semiconductor Companies, Chaebol, Samsung Samsung Samsung Quick Background - 1938 founded as a trading company - in the 50s-60s went into anything imaginable - like insurance- paper- aerospace- property- retailing - used this base to lay themselves out for the semiconductor field Lets Break Down how they did it 1) Entry into semiconductors- 75-83 - bought a smaller semiconductor company in S.K. - wanted to expand out of low end goods - worked with Micron Tech. and other US firms - had American engineers at plants helping them 2) Catching the field - producing goods but wanted to be at the same level - to do this put lots of $ into the department - trial and error learning - accumulated debt- but looked toward the future - by late 80s started seeing sales boom 3) Becoming a Leader - started to overtake the U.S. and Japan firms it learned from in some categories - U.S. and Japan instead of helping out simply bought in huge quantities - first company with 64 bit DRAM technology - continued investment - forged equal partnerships to remain at the front of technology So What are We Supposed to get out of this? - these firms show typical strategies of late- comer firms - to do this they had a assembly learning period, then process development, and began to innovate - they utilized foreign know how - balanced perfectly the rate of growth - organizational innovation - because their learning achievements are cumulative and built upon solid foundations, South Korean firms are well positioned to create new market opportunities and to respond to the fast-changing pace of electronics technology Pats Tid Bits - Hyundai 19 percent sales- Samsung 13 - Brad has a Samsung microwave- 1/5 of US microwaves 92 - Chaebol- the big business groupings - its hard for Korea to be flexible given its culture - my interviews Bibliography Samsung

Management Accounting Techniques and decisions Essay

Management Accounting Techniques and decisions - Essay Example The aspect of erasing the salary part improves the wholesome performance of the managers with the development of workplace initiatives, team work, adaptability, compliance to business policies thereby resulting in increase of the production and the service levels of the organization. The incentives are often linked in the right way to the performance measures with appropriate weight-ages to the several benchmarks of performance measurement (Marr and  Gray, 2012, p.68). The manager’s ability to meet the benchmark standards determine the rewards and the compensation that are received by them. The higher the achievements of the manager in comparison to the benchmark standards, the higher the rewards the managers should be eligible to receive. The benchmarks are set in the various areas of operation of the organization in order to fulfil its organizational objectives. These areas which include benchmark standards of performance of the employees are aimed at fulfilling the financ ial goals of the company, the customer service, the standards of the internal processes and the learning goals of the organization (Tonchia and  Quagini, 2010, p.78). The financial benchmarks of the manager’s performance indicates the desired output from the managers that would contribute to the attainment of certain production volumes in line with the quality standards to be maintained for the products. Thus the benchmarks help in assessing the extent to which the manager has been able to contribute to the production volumes of the company and at the same time maintained the quality of production (Niven, 2010, p.34). The use of benchmarks in measuring the performance helps to identify the short cut approaches adopted by the employees which is aimed at fulfilling the short term goals but do not fulfil the organizational objectives. The benchmark system helps to understand whether the performance of the managers has been up to the mark in all aspects of the manager’s performance, like in this case both product quantity as well as quality. The benchmarks set in the area of customer service is also important to measure the performance of the managers as this is also an important area considered for the sustainability of the business of the organizations. The various benchmarks in the area of performance measures for customer service includes the turn-around time to the customers, the number of complaints that have been lodged by the customers, the time taken for the resolution of complaints by the manager. These benchmarks help to measure the extent to which the manager has been able to respond to the customer requests which is determined the turnaround time. The compromise of any one of the performance measures may lead to complaints from the customer. The benchmarks determine the rate at which complaints have been filed against the work of the managers and thus indicate the gaps with the benchmark standards of performance. The benchmark system a lso provides an insight on the effectives of the manager in resolution of customer complaints. The inputs received from the

War And Civilization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

War And Civilization - Assignment Example Wars have been the violent catalyst for changes throughout history. Wars are, however, part of the agencies that help bring changes and progress in human life and the world. It might sound absurd, but wars are part of the human life activities. Wars simulate national growth, advancement in information technology, medical research, and solve some of the most complex political differences. They evoke bravery and heroism among communities and nations. In medical and health care systems, war has been the subject of appreciation as it has promoted human civilization. It is indeed a catalyst that has brought advances in medical science. Most of the chemical medicines and surgical techniques used in clinics and hospitals were not discovered when people were at peace in their homes. They were discovered and advanced when the need arose particularly when casualties of wars were in dire need of medication. Diseases such as Pestilent that evolved out of the war needed the rapid response with th e appropriate medical treatment (Smith, 2006). There are indeed several contributions of war to human civilization. The US, for example, had economic gains for its people from both World War I and II. If one looks the wars as agents of world peace, they did succeed in promoting peace and keeping the world safe. World War II eliminated Hitler who was a threat to the peace and unity of many people. In the 1973 war, Israel won a battle that enabled it to expand boundaries and acquire land that was previously a forbidden territory.

Experimental Research Design Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Experimental Design - Research Paper Example Difficulties in adjustment typically manifest in forms of the child later being involved in troubled relationships with their partners or spouses, substance abuse etc (Franke, 1983). This study will discuss a research design that will attempt to evaluate the validity of these claims. That is, we will design a research that carries out an impact evaluation of the conditions created by Our population of interest is people who as children witnessed divorces of their parents. Since we are concerned with how these people adjust to life after growing up, we want to evaluate the quality of life of grownups whose parents were divorced. For each treatment we shall evaluate whether the mean was different. For instance, consider the variable ‘age’. The way the impact of this variable will be evaluated is, we shall look at differences in mean age among groups I to IV. Similarly for each of the other three treatments, we shall look at whether the mean scores of the variables differ across the groups. If we find significant differences, then this will imply that the variable for which such a difference was found indeed has an influence on the impact of parent’s divorce on the child’s adjustment. The research design here is essentially a â€Å"Posttest only Control group† type for each separate treatment. Defining the age treatment as â€Å"treatment T>0 if age was greater or equal to 3 years† the diagram for this test can be shown as follows: Barber, B.L. & Eccles, J.S. (1992). Long term influence of divorce in single parenting and adolescent families and work related values, behaviors, and aspirations. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 108-126. Forehand, R., Wierson, M., McCombs, A., Thomas, R., Fauber, L.A., Kempton, T., & Long, N. (1991). A short-term longitudinal examination of young adolescent functioning following divorce: The role of family factors. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100,

Interest groups Essay Example for Free

Interest groups Essay More than any other group special interest groups hold an enormous amount of sway in the American political system. What is interesting here is the fact that most of the public looks upon special interest groups with disdain. There are a number of reasons for this but before the reasons can be defined special interests must be defined. An interest group is an organized faction that seeks to sway political influence that is favorable to them. For example, many corporations pressure politicians to ease immigration laws because they earn enormous volumes of money by using labor that is generally inexpensive. When it comes to the effect that special interest groups have on democratic pluralism, the effect is generally negative. The reason for this is that special interest groups undermine the democratic process and this frustrates the public to a significant degree. Probably the most significant area that voters express frustration in is the notion that special interest groups are favored by politicians more than the popular will of the American people. That is, if a special interest group promotes an item or an agenda that is opposed by the vast majority of the America people, politicians will still give significant attention to the special interest groups and then will side with the special interest groups against the will of the people. This creates a significant amount of anger and discontent on the part of the voters because it leads to a situation where the representative form of government is no longer acting in a manner that would be deemed representative. In other words, the elected officials no longer promote the interests of the public, but rather promote the interests of front groups, elitists and corporatists. Sadly, this assessment – while somewhat oversimplified – is very close to accurate. One of the reasons that special interest groups have such influence is because an enormous amount of money is required to run a successful election and special interest groups bring with them a great deal of money. While this may seem like a cynical assessment of the current political landscape it is also an accurate one. It would be next to impossible for someone such as James Madison to support the current situation where special interest groups yield significant sway in the government arena. While Madison did understand that political factions were inevitable and also not inherently bad, his belief system (like most of the framers) was generally influenced by John Locke and Locke’s belief in the Social Contract. Within the framework of the Social Contract it is explicitly stated that the government is supposed to protect the inalienable rights of the individual. When the goals of special interests are placed above the needs and benefit of the American people, then the entire notion of the Social Contract is undermined. As such, it would be difficult to believe that Madison would support the current landscape of special interest groups that dominate American politics. Granted, while there is much discontent in the United States regarding special interest groups these groups will never go away. These groups are well funded and their money is welcomed by politicians. As such, interest groups will remain on the political landscape forever and ever. Literally. Bibliography Madison, J. , Hamilton, A. , and Jay, J. (Date Unknown)THE FEDERALIST PAPERS. Retrieved 4 September 2007 from http://patriotpost. us/fedpapers/fedpapers. html Scheikart, Larry. A PATRIOT’S HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. New York: Penguin, 2007. Zinn, Howard. A PEOPLE’S HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. New York: Harper’s, 2007.

Summary of William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet :: Free Essay Writer

Summary of Romeo and Juliet Scene 1 Act 1:Scene one opens with a fight on the streets of Verona between servants from the Montague and Capulet households. While attempting to stop the fight, Benvolio is drawn in by Tybalt. The heads of both houses (Montague and Capulet) arrive on the scene. Prince Escalus arrives and stops the fight, forbidding any further brawls. Montague and his wife discuss Romeo’s strange behavior with Benvolio and ask him why he is acting that way. They find Romeo and have Benvolio talk to him. Benvolio advises him to forget Rosaline, but Romeo refuses. Scene 2 Act 1:Paris asked Capulet if it would be all right if he could marry Juliet. Capulet is not sure because Juliet is so young, however he ends up agreeing with Paris. Capulet invites Paris to the feast. He sends off the guest list with a servant, that can’t read the names. He meets Romeo and Benvolio and asks them for help. Romeo noticed that the list had Rosaline on it, so he dared to go to the feast to meet with her. Benvolio again suggests to Romeo that he should forget Rosaline, he again refuses. Scene 3 Act 1:Lady Capulet talks to Juliet about marriage then tells her about Paris’ proposal. When lady Capulet tells Juliet that Paris will be at the feast, Juliet doesn’t act too excited. Nurse responds for Juliet with something that Lady Capulet wanted to hear. Scene 4 Act 1:Romeo, Benvolio, Mercutio, and other members of the Montague house go to the Capulet feast. They are all wearing masks to hide their identity. They talk it over and decide to stay for one dance. Because Romeo is still in love with Rosaline, Mercutio teases him about being a hopeless lover. Mercutio then starts a long tale about how fairies deliver dreams to humans as they sleep. Scene 5 Act 1:Romeo, Mercutio, Benvolio, and the servants arrive at the feast in masks. Capulet is there at the door to greet them. Capulet talks to his cousin about how long ago it was when they took part in a masque. Romeo sees Julies and falls in love with her immediately. Tybalt recognizes Romeo’s voice and is ready to fight. Capulet stops Tybalt and tells him to ignore Romeo for now and try to keep the peace. Romeo and Juliet keep talking and end up kissing, Nurse runs in the middle of them and tells Juliet to go find her mother immediately.

Reflection “The Boondock Saints”

Reflections on â€Å"The Boondock Saints† Directions: In three paragraphs write your reflections of the Movie â€Å"The Boondock Saints†, answering the following: 1) What are the ethical issues you see in the movie? List several and describe their ethical or moral concern. 2) How does the plot relate to â€Å"Utilitarian Ethics†? â€Å"Pluralism/Pragmatism†? â€Å"Social Contract Ethics†? Use examples from the movie and show a connection each (e. g. , Act vs Rule Utilitarianism and the value of consequences, Addressing multiple & conflicting values, Type(s)/theme(s) of Social Contracts evidencing, a la Hobbes, Rousseau, Locke, Gauthier). ) Utilitarian ethics, because people on the movie judge the rightness or wrongness of an act, so it produces consequences to the greatest balance of pleasure over suffering for everyone involved. Social contract, at the end of the movie people of the state agreed that boondock saints kill trash people, so their prim e motive being the desire for protection, which entails the surrender of some or all perosonal liberties. 2) The plot is related to utilitarian ethics, because we saw how the Boondock Saints judged people by making what they consider divine justice â€Å" kill people†.Pragmatism, because the Boondock Saints were putting their truths or beliefs in the term of action or parctical application by killing people. Social contract, because the society agreeded the Boondock Saint’s actions to get protection, to they the Boondock Saints were cleaning the society in the state. Act utilitarianism Vs. rule: the boondock saints did acts and rules judging rightness and wrongness that maximized pleasure and minimized suffering.An example of act utilitarianism is that when Connor and Morphy killed people from the mafia they were feeling pleasure judging wongness. An example of rule u. , they trusted that their own rules were right to God. Finally, this movie is an example of social co ntract and utilitarianism, during the movie we saw the boondock saints having conflicts values in the society when they killed the minister inside the church in front of many people. It created doubts for people about which is true righteousness from God or from the men.

Nehemiah’s Leadership Skills

Nehemiah was the son of Hacaliah and he was also the cupbearer of the Persian king Artaxerxes. He was putting on a sad face and the king did not like that and asked him why he was sad, though afraid he answered that the city in which his fathers had been buried was a ruin so then he asked permission to go and rebuild the it. He played a decisive role in the rebuilding of Judah. In 444 B. C. the king appointed Nehemiah governor of Judah under the Persian Empire and permitted him to go to Jerusalem in order to help his fellow Jews. Upon his arrival Nehemiah secretly inspected the city walls which were still in ruins. This became known to his two arch-enemies, Sanballat and Tobiah, who repeatedly acted to foil his plans for rebuilding the walls (Neh 2:17-20); but despite their active opposition, Nehemiah succeeded in his building project, completing the work in 52 days (Neh chaps. 3-4), and stationed guards at the city gates and also enforced several of the laws, such as the payment due to the Levites, the observance of the Sabbath and the abolition of mixed marriages. He concluded his memoirs with a prayer to God to remember to his credit all of his efforts to strengthen divine law within Jerusalem . In order to repopulate Jerusalem, the number of whose inhabitants had dwindled greatly, he ordered that one out of every ten Jews should take up residence in the capital. He also instituted a series of religious and social reforms including the commitment to avoid intermarriage, the cancellation of debts owed by the poor, the support of the Temple cult, and the payment of tithes drawn up and sealed in a covenant (Neh chap. 10) and he then returned to Persia. After Nehemiah was given the permission to go and rebuild the city we see that he had some leadership qualities which helped him in the rebuilding process. Let us look at some few leadership skills which helped to navigate Nehemiah in the rebuilding of the city. Firstly and foremost, Nehemiah put God first and let Him lead him through prayer: The Book of Nehemiah starts and ends with prayer. And in between, Nehemiah often sends up quick prayers to heaven and asks for God’s help. â€Å"Do not pray for tasks equal to your powers,† said Phillips Brooks. â€Å"Pray for powers equal to your tasks. One mark of true spiritual leaders is their honest acknowledgment of their own inadequacy and their humble trust in the power of God He had courage: We can see that Nehemiah had courage firstly when he courageously told the king why he was sad and the king did not like to see sad faces and also he also took that opportunity to ask the king permission to go and rebuild the city and finally taking on the task of rebuilding the city shows that he had courage. Also . After the Israelites had begun rebuilding the wall of Jerusalem, some opposition arose from other occupants within the Palestine area. Nehemiah remained steadfast and courageous and rallied his people to continue the work He was determined: Nehemiah was determined because the work he was doing was a great work and he was serving a great God. He was determined because the city was in great reproach, and he wanted it to bring great glory to God. He was determined because he was part of a great plan that God had for the world as He worked through the Jewish nation. So, the next time you feel like quitting, remember Nehemiah and stay on the job until the work is finished to the glory of God. He had vision and saw the greatness of the work: No matter what God has called you to do, it’s a great work because it’s part of the building of His church; and that’s the greatest work in the world. If you lose the greatness of a vision, you will begin to cut corners in your work, stop making sacrifices, and start looking for something else to challenge you. Nehemiah realized that what he was doing was far bigger than simply repairing gates and rebuilding walls. He was serving the Lord God of heaven and getting the holy city ready for the coming of the Messiah! He submitted to authority: The call of God is not an invitation to become independent and ignore authority. Nehemiah respected the king and submitted his plans to him for his approval before he went to Jerusalem. Even more, Nehemiah submitted to the authority of the Word of God. He invited Ezra to teach the Law to the people so that they too would obey the will of God. It is a basic rule of life that those who exercise authority must themselves be under authority. Nehemiah was a man who was dependable because he was accountable. He was organized in his work: He planned his work and worked his plan, and God blessed him. We can see this when the king asked him how he would do it, he asked the king if he could have letters to the governors of Trans-Euphrates so that he would be provided for protection. Also, he wanted the kings approval to go to Asaph (the keeper of the king’s forest) so that he would be given timber to make beams for the gates of the citadel by the temple and for the city wall and the residence he would occupy, this shows that he had planned how he would start the building of the temple. He had passion: An important leadership principle displayed by Nehemiah was a deep passion for his God, his people, and his homeland. He heard of the destruction of the wall in Jerusalem and became overwhelmed with grief for the disgrace of God and his countrymen. This grief ignited a passion within Nehemiah to ask permission from his master to return to Jerusalem to rebuild the wall of the city. He was evaluative: Another important leadership principle shown by Nehemiah was that an effective leader evaluates a situation before acting. Nehemiah had received permission from his master to return to Jerusalem. When he arrived the first thing he did was to quietly take a private tour around the city wall to assess the damage and formulate a plan for rebuilding it. He enlisted others to work: An aspect of leadership principle displayed by Nehemiah was that effective leaders recruit and delegate responsibility to others. After Nehemiah had assessed the situation and formulated a plan of attack, he shared his plan with others and allowed them to help him with the work. Effective managers realize their need for others and that it takes many hands to accomplish a great task. He knew how to handle bad news: Life is full of bad news. It could be a small disappointment to a catastrophic occurrence, but when bad news comes your way, how do you respond? A strong leader is not only able to take the bad news, but wants to know it. Sticking your head in the sand is a sure sign of immaturity and lack of trust in God. He inspired camaraderie to people: One of the main leadership principles shown by Nehemiah was that effective leaders inspire camaraderie among his people. As mentioned above, Nehemiah led his people in the face of intense opposition; yet, by his leadership, the people did not run away, but continued the work until it was finished. They worked together with one person rebuilding his section of the wall, while his partner stood guard to protect him from attack. He shared what he had: Another leadership tenet displayed by Nehemiah was that top level managers share the rewards of success with their people. Effective leaders are kind and generous. Nehemiah demonstrated this trait by standing up for the poor against extortion and inviting large parties of people to eat at his table each meal. He stood fast on core values: We can see that Nehemiah stood fast in core values in that after the wall had been rebuilt, the Israelite people began to do things that were not pleasing to God. Nehemiah was deeply upset by this and called his people to account. References Henrietta C. Mears, What the bible is all about, Gospel Light Publications, U. S. A, 1998. Holy bible, New Revised Standard, U. S. A, 1989 The Holy Bible, New International Version, The Bible Society in Australia Inc Publishers, 1984. Richard H. Seume, Nehemiah, God’s Builder, Moody Press, Chicago, U. S. A, 1978 HOW I WOULD APPLY NEHEMIAH’S LEADRSHIP SKILLS IN MY OWN LIFE Firstly the most important leadership skill Nehemiah had according to me is that he put God first and let him lead him through prayer so I would use this skill by talking to God before facin g any situation and the reason I say this is an important leadership skill is because it is through this skill that we may get every other skill that follows. This way God will help you to do the task at hand. Also we see that also had something important and that was courage, so this helps me because I know courage is an important quality in a leader so I ask God for courage when tackling my tasks. Another thing is that I have to be determined to complete the task so that incase there as may occur any push back determination will lead you into completing the task and to do it well too. Something else that had was his vision we should also have vision in the work we are doing and we should like Nehemiah notice that the work we are doing has a higher purpose that what we look at directly, we can see that Nehemiah was not only rebuilding the walls but in depth was serving the lord and getting it ready for the messiah Jesus Christ. Another aspect in Nehemiah’s leadership qualities is his submitting to authority this shows we should respect and follow authority and not act like we are above it. We should also look at Nehemiah’s quality of self organization this shows me that in order for me to be a good leader or perform a task at my level best I should plan for my work as this will help you in accomplishing your goal. Another quality that Nehemiah displayed was passion, we should this to make us also have passion and this means we should have heart on what we do and do it with satisfaction. Again we see that Nehemiah was evaluative this means we should also follow this example by evaluating situation before jumping into conclusions and fully assessing them doing this will help you to perform the job effectively. Another thing is that like Nehemiah we should also entrust others with work this is done by delegating jobs to others tis shows that you trust them and this improves relation among workers. In many times there are always bad news so we need to know how to handle the bad news and we should talk to God to help us cope with them. As leaders we should inspire camaraderie among people this will strengthen our bonds and be able to look out for each other. To better ourselves using Nehemiah’s leadership quality of sharing what we have with others makes us better people and we should not look down upon people but treat them equally. In motivating others, we must always present the challenge and the benefit. I find that people really love to be challenged, to push the envelope and do what looks difficult or impossible. Presented in the right way, it will motivate people to join. And lastly as Nehemiah did, we should stand firm on core values and not be swayed to do the wrong things that would not please God but do God’s will.