Captain John Smith Essays (513 words) - Jamestown, Virginia

Skipper John Smith John Smith had numerous attributes that assisted with making him a notable individual at the outset settlement of the New World. He was a valiant and tough individual who appeared to have little dread. He fled from home when he was youthful and turned into a fighter in Europe and the Near East (Barbour). He flourished for fervor and experience. During the settlement of Jamestown, he assumed on the liability of administration by sparing the state from starvation (Microsoft). He made the men plant yields and construct houses, while he was exchanging with the Indians for food (Microsoft). The province picked him President of the Jamestown settlement. The pioneers accepted and confided in him since he had spared them. John Smith was a brilliant man, and he composed numerous records about the happenings in Jamestown. He additionally distributed an article about his journey of 1614. His longest and most popular work was entitled The General History of Virginia (Gwinn). Without these records, we would know almost no about the state in the New World. In addition to the fact that he was an essayist, however he could likewise draw. He drew numerous maps indicating his undertakings and experiences. A significant number of these maps were utilized by different gatherings of pilgrims who went to the New World. John Smith was fearless, solid, keen, and a decent pioneer. His name is presumably best recognized as the man who was to be executed by Indians, when the main's girl hurried to his side and spared his life. Numerous history specialists question this occurrence and said that Smith was simply boasting and was a storyteller (McMichael). He had such a large number of various undertakings and he some of the time exaggerated. Regardless of whether John Smith exaggerated on occasion, he was as yet a fascinating and significant character in American History. Evaluate: I don't recollect adapting a lot on John Smith, however obviously I found out about him. My response to his work is addressing; I've heard how he was this daring and gallant legend, yet in the book it affirms that he was ?a vain show-boater? what's more, ?a teller of fanciful stories?. He didn't specify the entire Pocahontas thing, which is the primary that flies in my brain when I consider Smith. Be that as it may, I think I appreciate him more than Columbus since he was by all accounts progressively tranquil and receptive when it went to the Indians. It claims in the American Literature book that he ?exchanged for food with the Indians, took in their traditions and language?. It doesn't appear as though he constrained anything on them or thought his direction and his traditions were better than theirs. Reference index SOURCES Barbour, L. Philip. Reference book Americana. Grolier Incorporated, 1997. pg. 59-60. Gwinn, P. Robert and others. The New Encyclopedia Britannica. Reference book Britannica, Inc. 1991. pg. 895-896. The Lincoln Library of Essential Information. The Frontier Press Company, 1974. pg. 1974. ?Smith, Captain John?. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2000. http://encarta.msn.com 1997-2000. Microsoft Corporation. McMichael, George and others. Succinct Anthology of American Literature. 1998 Prentice-Hall, Inc. pg. 22-36. Life stories

The Chinese Abacus – Short Essay

The Chinese Abacus The Chinese Abacus is a straightforward gadget for performing scientific counts. The Chinese Abacus otherwise called a â€Å"Suanpan† in Chinese. The Abacus was first referenced by the mathematician Xu Yueh toward the finish of Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220 A. D). The Abacus is a device for ascertaining numbers, and was broadly utilized in old occasions up to the innovation of the advanced mechanical and electronic adding machines. The Abacus is like the cutting edge adding machine. It has a rectangular wooden edge with dabs in the columns.There is a cross pole to isolate dabs into two sections, over the pole each globule speaks to amounts of five and as it moves right it goes up like 50, 500, 5000, etc, while under the bar each dot speaks to amounts of one and goes up to 10, 100, 1000, etc. The fundamental tasks for which the math device is useful incorporate number juggling activities, for example, expansion, deduction, increase, and division. The computatio nal techniques utilizing an Abacus are called math device estimations. This gadget was made utilizing wood and globules. You just include the dabs that are in the inside on the divider.The Abacus is still being used today by businesspeople in Asia and â€Å"Chinatowns† in North America. The utilization of the math device is still instructed in Asian schools, and exactly barely any schools in America. Dazzle youngsters are instructed to utilize the Abacus. One specific use for the Abacus is showing youngsters basic science and particularly duplication. The Abacus is additionally a brilliant apparatus for showing other base numbering frameworks since it effectively adjusts to any base. I made my Abacus by basically getting four wood boards and nailing them together to make a wooden frame.Then I got another wood board and nailed in the center to make the cross bar. I penetrated 13 gaps on the cross bar, the top, and base of the edge. I stalled out it through the highest point of the casing, put two dabs in and stuck it through the cross bar, included five additional dabs at that point stuck the stick through the base piece of the edge along these lines making the main segment. I proceeded with this procedure 12 additional occasions until I completed the entirety of the 13 sections. After I was done I painted my casing purple and I was done. A splendidly made Chinese Abacus made inside one and a half hours. .

Random file Free Essays

Hypothesis of Knowledge Divided line (Republic Book VI) What are the 2 universes? What are the 4 divisions? The Greek expressions The particular models Allegory of the cavern (Republic Book W) What is the story? Plato’s strategy Socratic exchange/technique Socratic incongruity Why does Socrates never offer the response? 2 reasons: what right? Socratic discourse + Socratic incongruity = TRUTH Plato’s set of three of takes a shot at the finish of Socrates’ life Apology: Socrates’ barrier 2 charges against him: what right? Crito: Socrates in Jail, talking about Justice Phaedo: the passing of Socrates Philosophers Unpaid speakers Quest for information Never guarantee they have information Have an obligation to edify others regardless of whether the others don’t need it Believe in managing others to the appropriate response, not giving it legitimately Always scanning for the TRUTH Socrates, Plato, Aristotle Sophists Paid speakers Taught honorability, respect, and greatness Uses talk (expressive, extravagant language) to control and misdirect others into speculation as they do, into tolerating their qualities They claim to have the responses to ll questions, yet they don’t They instruct so as to pick up riches and influence Do not look for reality Will coddle the solution to their educators Politicians, specialists, and so on. Gorgias, Meno, Protagoras Horse and gadfly model Socrates is the fly, Athens is the pony The pony is fat and sluggish, and the fly is attempting to pester the pony to get it to move Athens is oblivious and lethargic, and Socrates is attempting to push the individuals to learn It isn't simple, since one man’s power isn't sufficient to move the whole country; all Socrates can do is continue attempting Plato’s Meno The inquiry: what is ethicalness? The models Socrates and Meno use to attempt to address the inquiry: Bee Shape Color Health quality What is the issue with Meno’s answers? Assessment versus Information (doxa versus We will compose a custom exposition test on Irregular document or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now episteme) July first, second, and third notes What are the similitudes? Instructions to refer to Random record, Papers

What It Means to Have Freedom - 860 Words

Today we accept that freedom is a basic right human right but what exactly is freedom. 1On one hand, there is physical freedom. People who are not imprisoned or enslaved are free. On the other hand, there is freedom as a the right to act, speak or think what you want. People cannot reach their full potential if they are not free in both senses of the word. Freedom means living life as one wants, everything else is a form of slavery. If a person is not allowed to make his or hers decisions, if he or she is not free to live life as he/she wants than he/she doesn’t have power over his or her existence. If freedom was not essential for every human being than no one would have found so fiercely for it. If it was not important than today we would not be still fighting to keep and extend our freedom. In the center Simone de Beauvoir’s understanding of freedom is the understanding that people cannot achieve an authentic existence if they do not help others achieve and understand freedom. For her a person lives in a word full of other people and he or she cannot live his or her life if he/she does not respect the freedom of others. For De Beauvoir freedom is an ambiguity. The ambiguity is the fact that people make their own choices and they them self judge if they are right or wrong. A person can make a decision he thinks is right in the moment but that decision can later on look wrong. According to De Beauvoir2 children do not experience real freedom. They are born in a worldShow MoreRelatedAmerican606 Words   |  3 PagesProfessor J. O’Brien October 6, 2013 What Does It Mean To Be An American? For hundreds of years the United States has been attracting immigrants from a variety of different countries, races, and religions to come live in a land full of freedom and opportunity. These people were looking for more than just rights and privileges. Their real desire was to become something that represents pride and honor, an American. 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Three Characters Who Have Influenced Katniss Essay

Ewon Chang Ms. Costa ENG3U 6th November 2012 Three characters who have influenced Katniss Everyone in society must have been influenced by others around him. Think about it; a person can always find several people who have influenced him deeply in his life, such as his parents and teachers. More specifically, the person can be directly influenced by their words and actions; he can also be unconsciously influenced by their minds and moods. However, these influences can be positive or negative for a man. Katniss, the protagonist in The Hunger Games, has been influenced in both positive and negative ways by three characters: Gale, Cinna and Cato. Gale teaches Katniss hunting skills like a big brother and promises to take care of Prim.†¦show more content†¦At the last time they meet before the Games, Katniss cries out, â€Å"don’t let them starve! ... [Gale] won’t! You know [Gale] won’t†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Collins 40). The reassurance is really important for Katniss because she is so concerned about her fa mily, especially about her younger sister Prim. With Gale’s strong guarantee, Katniss can give herself completely to the Games. Gale has influenced Katniss positively by teaching her hunting skills and providing a reassuring guarantee. Cinna, as Katniss’s stylist throughout the Games, has turned Katniss to a stunner in the opening ceremonies to help her attract sponsors, as well as prepare for the interview. The fire costume is so dazzling that it has caused a sensation in the opening ceremonies. When Katniss and Peeta ride out in a chariot down the street, â€Å"the people of the Capitol are going nuts, showering [them] with flowers, shouting [their] names, [their] first names†¦ Cinna has given [Katniss] a great advantage. No one will forget [Katniss]. Not [her] look, not [her] name† (Collins 70). The perfect debut of Katniss helps her get a lot of rich sponsors who can provide her with valuable support during the Games. Different from Haymitch’s ar bitrary requirement to the presentation, Cinna’s suggestion is so suitable and reasonable for Katniss that she can show her best aspects to the audience. As Katniss follows Cinna’s strategy to be herself in the presentation, â€Å"the applause continues long afterShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Communication In The Hunger Games1148 Words   |  5 Pagesnation) to fight it out for one winner in an area each year to prevent and remember the historic rebellion from the past. There are many aspects of communication presented throughout each stage of the movies, however, during the whole movie the top three elements that stand out the most would be the amount of diversity in the different cultures, the aspect of relationships, and the theme of self-concept and perception. 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The Hunger Games displays many transcendental values and shows that living a transcendental life is positive and will improve one’s quality of life. Nature is a major transcendental value whichRead MoreTheme Of Identity In The Hunger Games1636 Words   |  7 Pagesthat distinguish or identify a person or thing†(dictionary.com). Every single person has one aspect of themselves that is different from everybody else; their identity. It is especially unique to their personal qualities and beliefs, yet can be influenced by others, or even a community. A community heavily influences the beliefs of everyone inside it, due to its display of propaganda, oppression, and inequality between its people. Suzanne Collins displays propaganda from the oppressive rule of theRead More The Hunger Games Trilogy Essay2309 Words   |  10 PagesGames, Catching Fire, and Mockingjay are the three works that make up the series. A major motion picture was released titled The Hunger Games, after the first book in the series, and it instantly became a box office hit. Those who have not read the books may be left wondering why a book series focused on kids ages 12-18 are put into an arena and fight to the death is creating such a commotion. Not only are the books popular among adolescents, many adults have also found the series captivating as wellRead MoreFeminism and the Marxist Theory in the Hunger Games1847 Words   |  8 PagesTitle Annually in the country once known as North America, the nation of Panem uses their dictatorship, they call the Capitol to rule over the twelve districts they have created. The Districts have all had major revolts, as a response to these rebellions the government of the Capitol has enacted a cruel intimidation tactic called The Hunger Games. It is a violent event televised nationally throughout all of the districts where a male and female from each district is picked as a Tribute. These TributesRead MoreThe Censorship Of The Hunger Games2302 Words   |  10 Pagestimes there is encouragement to act in ways that promote thrill and adventure. This way, media glorifies the bad aspects of people and encourages them to act in forbidden ways. The Hunger Games includes many of these aspects. For example, observe Katniss Everdeen in her journey as a tribute, a victor, and a leader. Her varying degrees of awareness, understanding, and manipulation of televised content accurately reflect how our own society responds to it as well. A focus on how much the media influencesRead MoreSocial Criticism in the Hunger Games and Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland2170 Words   |  9 Pagesdystopian story of Katniss, a young girl who has to participate in a fight-to-death-tournament with 23 other teenagers. Connoisseurs might have recognized the quotation of the classic Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll, first published in 1865. Mostly known as a children’s book, the novel depicts the story of Alice a girl that finds herself in a wonderland, where she meets many curious people and gets confronted with arbitrary brutality. Although they don’t seem to have much in commonRead MoreJournal Entries - Ap English; How to Read Literature Like a Professor by Foster2571 Words   |  11 Pagesrecognized: every journey or trip a story embarks upon follows a pattern, and that pattern is a quest. The first component of a quest is the hero, the character – often central to the story – who makes a difference for the other characters, and often makes a great change in themselves through the experience of the quest. Skeeter is a principle character in the Help, and she is not content with her present life, living at home with her mother trying to marry her to a good southern gentleman, as

Industrial Capitalism And The Economic System - 1433 Words

Panic of 1873 HIST 101 Industrial capitalism is defined when the economic system is based on trading products and operations for profit. This allowed people to have their private property, wage labor, a price system and created competitive markets. Behind the Panic of 1873, the American society was heavily relied on mercantile capitalism. Mercantile capitalism is the earliest capitalism to be ever created in the development of capitalism as an economic system. Mercantile capitalism is heavily dependent on local markets, which developed in early 9th century and in medieval Europe from the 12th century. As people were having their own private properties, and have more money to trade products in big scale and were able to produce products in mass scale, industrial capitalism has been created that continues to this day. The panic of 1873 is the first global depression that was occurred by new idea of industrial capitalism. The key to industrial capitalism is a boom and bust cycle. Boom and bust cycle is occurred by the process of economic expansion and contraction that occurs repeatedly. During that cycle, booming phase is when the economy is growing, jobs are growing and the market is brining high returns to the investors, which â€Å"booms† the economy. Consequently, the downfall of boom and bust cycle which is bust, can cause inflation to decrease, unemployment to increase, incomes fall and demands decreases. The panic of 1873 is the first global depression that was occurredShow MoreRelatedCapitalism Vs. Socialism And Communism1175 Words   |  5 Pages Capitalism VS. Socialism/Communism Analysis The industrial revolution changed the way people lived. Before the industrial revolution all the work that is now done by machines was done by hand. It also allowed the ambitious working class man to join the rich at the top. This was done through capitalism and laisses-faire economics which gave businesses the ability to operate in a free market without government regulation. Capitalism deserves its share of criticism because of the abuses it causedRead MoreEconomics Is The Science Of Scarcity1728 Words   |  7 PagesEconomics is the science of scarcity. Scarcity is when you have a population with unlimited wants coupled with limited resources. Essentially, economics deals with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The societies in the books 1984 and Fahrenheit 451 both take advantage of some form of an economic system, whether it be the command economy of Oceania, or the overly consumerist economy of the dystopian United States. An economic system is how a society deals with theseRead MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution1214 Words   |  5 Pagesthe emergence of the ‘Industrial Revolution’, the great age of steam, canals and factories that changed the face of the British economy forever.† (White, M, The Industrial Revolution). The industrial revolution sparked the development of capitalist economies and as a consequence a division of labour was formed. Therefore the capitalist system is seen as a natural consequence of the industrial revolution. 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Capitalism was first proposed by Adam Smith as a reform plan for the existing economic system of mercantilism. The major tenets of capitalism included: free enterprise, competition at every level, and private property. Although there were many advantages including new inventionsRead MoreThe Influence of the Communis t Manifesto on the Development of Industrial Capitalism1249 Words   |  5 Pagesthe dominating economic system of the twenty-first century. In the later nineteenth century, however, industrial capitalism was on the brink of ruin. â€Å"On many occasions during the past century, Marxists have thought that capitalism was down for the count . . . Yet it has always come back with renewed strength.† Industrial capitalism succeeded in the face of communism, despite numerous economic disasters. As the capitalist economists hopefully noted at the time, these economic earthquakes, temporaryRead MoreEssay on Market Society1680 Words   |  7 Pagesand the â€Å"spirit of capitalism† and how those two is important to the emergence of the market society. Lastly, this paper will be concluded by explaining why the shift to market society is a necessary transformation. Market society is characterized by the self-regulation market system, the shift in relations between economy and social relations, and the commodification of everything. The self-regulation market system refers to as â€Å"a system capable of organizing the whole economic life without outsideRead MoreThe Uk Model Of Capitalism1576 Words   |  7 Pagesthat UK model of capitalism belongs to the Liberal Market Economies area, that is, it presents features widely shared with other countries falling in the Anglo-Saxon capitalism realm (i.e. US, Australia, Ireland). 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Lifestyles Fitness Center

Lifestyles Fitness Center-Marketing Essay Lifestyles Fitness Center Lifestyles Fitness Center May 16 (Updated with Financial data 01-28-2001) Javon Jones Chief Executive Officer Lifestyles Fitness Shopping Center Someplace, CO 64093 (303) 555-5555 Prepared with the assistance of The Institute for Entrepreneurial Studies and Development And Small Business Development Colorado State University Table of Contents 1 Executive Summary 3 Present Situation 5 Objectives 6 Management 8 Product / Service Description 10 Market Analysis Customers Competition Focus Group Research Risk 14 Marketing Strategies Pricing Profitability Selling Tactics Distribution Advertising Promotion Public Relations Business Relationships 18 Appendix Financial Projections 12-Month Budget 5-Year Income Statement Cash-Flow Projection Pro Forma Balance Sheet Break-Even Analysis Sources Uses of Funds Summary Start-Up Requirements Use of Funding Proceeds Lifestyles Fitness Center Executive Summary In 1995, Lifestyles Fitness Center was formed to provide a full service fitness center to provide for all segments of the populace in Lifestyles Fitness and the surrounding area. Although there is an existing work out center in Lifestyles Fitness, the existing facility does not provide the support for the senior members of the community. Our mission is to provide a center that will provide not only an area for dedicated weight lifters, but also for the person seeking to maintain fitness. We want to provide a center that supports aerobic, cardiovascular, and weight training for all segments of the community. The ability of Lifestyles Fitness to provide both an indoor track combined with certified training is a capability unique to private fitness centers in this area. The center will also provide showers and changing rooms for their clients to use. The center will also provide workout apparel for each individual (if preferred). This service will expand the marketability of Lifestyles Fitness. We have also added to our existing services. We have developed plans to introduce a health and protein drink bar and provide exotic coffees for customers. In addition, we also offer a nutritionalist and a cafeteria. It is considered that this will also provide an area that the cliental can cool down, relax and get the proper nutrition after a work out. This will also provide additional income for the center. Management Our management team consists of persons with a broad background in both the fitness area and business management, and it is fully supported by the Institute for Entrepreneurial Studies and Development and Small Business Development Center at Colorado State University. The management staff consist of Old McDonald CEO and supervisor of training, Dad McDonald director of Marketing, Dad McDonald III assistant director of facilities, and Mom McDonald Vice president. Old has a broad background in the fitness training industry, currently carrying a training certification from the AAIA/ISMA. He is currently working on a degree in business with emphasis on the fitness industry. He has held several different titles in both track and field and football. In high school he was selected as All-American Football Linemen, was All-State his junior and senior years in track and his senior year in football, and was All-Conference his freshmen year in college. Dad has a BS, MS, and EdS degree, and is currently working on specialized training in industrial marketing. He has a broad background in business, having worked for the SBDC for four years. Dad McDonald III is highly qualified having worked as a Multi- Purpose Building Supervisor for four years on the Lifestyles Fitness Colorado State Campus. He is highly cognizant of the needs of the fitness business in the area of facilities management and service. Mom has a vast background in the telemarketing industry having been manager for Florafax International. She has worked as a member of the management staff for several different companies. Lifestyles Fitness Center intends to use every facet available for marketing and advertisement. One of our concepts is to use area facilities such as restaurants and nightclubs as sources of advertisement. We already have four area businesses that have given us verbal commitment for assistance by placing banners and placards in their business places and distributing flyers to their customers. Our target market will be primarily be the student/young adult and senior citizen, but Lifestyles Fitness will not be limiting itself to this market alone. .ue1d6fa37c46c06ff4ead2b431ee9a464 , .ue1d6fa37c46c06ff4ead2b431ee9a464 .postImageUrl , .ue1d6fa37c46c06ff4ead2b431ee9a464 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue1d6fa37c46c06ff4ead2b431ee9a464 , .ue1d6fa37c46c06ff4ead2b431ee9a464:hover , .ue1d6fa37c46c06ff4ead2b431ee9a464:visited , .ue1d6fa37c46c06ff4ead2b431ee9a464:active { border:0!important; } .ue1d6fa37c46c06ff4ead2b431ee9a464 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue1d6fa37c46c06ff4ead2b431ee9a464 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue1d6fa37c46c06ff4ead2b431ee9a464:active , .ue1d6fa37c46c06ff4ead2b431ee9a464:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue1d6fa37c46c06ff4ead2b431ee9a464 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue1d6fa37c46c06ff4ead2b431ee9a464 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue1d6fa37c46c06ff4ead2b431ee9a464 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue1d6fa37c46c06ff4ead2b431ee9a464 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue1d6fa37c46c06ff4ead2b431ee9a464:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue1d6fa37c46c06ff4ead2b431ee9a464 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue1d6fa37c46c06ff4ead2b431ee9a464 .ue1d6fa37c46c06ff4ead2b431ee9a464-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue1d6fa37c46c06ff4ead2b431ee9a464:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Research Paper Essay We believe that the fitness industry is open to all individuals and should be made available to all markets. By having a broader clientele our income base would not be limited, we will literally .

Tarantino and Scorsese considered auteurs Essay Example For Students

Tarantino and Scorsese considered auteurs Essay The auteur debate was initiated by Jean-Luc Godard and Francois Truffaut, 2 key French New Wave directors.  Both Scorsese and Tarantino are considered by many to be auteurs, many film critics and others in the industry have stated that with films made by both these directors can be identified as theirs before being told so. This is a true auteur; someone who can make all their films along the same guidelines, and put their stamp on every scene of every film. They bring their character, thoughts, feelings and interests to their films, the films seen personal to the director. Tarantino is probably seen as the most famous auteur, most people, whether theyve watched his films or not, know he has a certain style of film making. In all his films Tarantino uses dark humor, for example he tries to make violence appear funny, he takes aspects from other films, whether this be a scene, a character, a storyline or a technique, music from the 1970s and a large amount of the same actors. We will write a custom essay on Tarantino and Scorsese considered auteurs specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Tarantinos first major film that set him on to be an auteur was Reservoir Dogs made in 1992. Almost immediately, one of Tarantinos symbolic features is used, we see someone torturing someone else whilst making jokes, i.e. making violence seem funny, and dancing along to Stuck in the middle with you thus using seventies music and dark humor.  Reservoir Dogs, being the first of Tarantinos films, meant it is slightly different to lots of his other films, some aspects of it, although similar to his auteur styles in later films, are not quite so prominent, this could be because as a director starting out, he had to see how the audience would react to things such as his use of dark humor. If they liked this he could develop it further in later films, as we see he goes on to do. Another thing which is done in Reservoir Dogs, is Tarantino giving characters mysterious names, the characters are known by their surname for example Mr. White.  Tarantinos use of 1970s music is seen in all of his films, this aspect of his films tends to agree with the definition of him being an auteur. In Jackie Brown (1998) the beginning credits and sequence is accompanied by music from the 1970s. Pulp Fiction (1994) also has a large amount of music from the 1970s, throughout the whole film. Essentially the only music that is heard in all of Tarantinos films is from the 1970s. By doing this, Tarantino is making it easier for the audience to recognise that these films are in fact his. It is not just the music that Tarantino uses to make references to the 1970s. He, in fact, makes many references to the 1970s in his films, for example in Kill Bill (2002) the film starts with Our Feature Presentation written on screen, which was often used on films in cinemas in the 1970s. Another example of reference to the 1970s is in Kill Bill 2 (2004) Tarantino puts in a character called Pie May which is a direct reference to the martial arts character of 1970s films.  Tarantinos vast amount of 1970s references, are used because they represent Tarantinos views and personal likes as he grew up in the 1970s and identifies largely with things from this era. Something else which we see in most of not all of Tarantinos films is the use of feet. Tarantino himself had a thing for feet and so portrayed this in his films. For example in Jackie Brown in the sequence where we are introduced to Bridget Fondas character, Melanie, we see her feet first and often when she is talking the camera is focused largely on her feet. Also in Pulp Fiction, there is conversation about feet, as the two main characters, Vince and Jules are walking into the building at the beginning they talk about foot massages. .u50236b095f9af4ee1c00c1fd1f72f904 , .u50236b095f9af4ee1c00c1fd1f72f904 .postImageUrl , .u50236b095f9af4ee1c00c1fd1f72f904 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u50236b095f9af4ee1c00c1fd1f72f904 , .u50236b095f9af4ee1c00c1fd1f72f904:hover , .u50236b095f9af4ee1c00c1fd1f72f904:visited , .u50236b095f9af4ee1c00c1fd1f72f904:active { border:0!important; } .u50236b095f9af4ee1c00c1fd1f72f904 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u50236b095f9af4ee1c00c1fd1f72f904 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u50236b095f9af4ee1c00c1fd1f72f904:active , .u50236b095f9af4ee1c00c1fd1f72f904:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u50236b095f9af4ee1c00c1fd1f72f904 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u50236b095f9af4ee1c00c1fd1f72f904 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u50236b095f9af4ee1c00c1fd1f72f904 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u50236b095f9af4ee1c00c1fd1f72f904 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u50236b095f9af4ee1c00c1fd1f72f904:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u50236b095f9af4ee1c00c1fd1f72f904 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u50236b095f9af4ee1c00c1fd1f72f904 .u50236b095f9af4ee1c00c1fd1f72f904-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u50236b095f9af4ee1c00c1fd1f72f904:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Film Summary - The Help EssayTarantino often works with the same characters in his films, for example Samuel L Jackson appears in Jackie Brown, Pulp Fiction and Kill Bill 2. Also Uma Thurman appears in Pulp Fiction and both of the Kill Bill films.  Tarantinos films often involve long periods of dialogue which have no relevance to the film, but are used as to bring humor to the violence of his films. An example of this would be in Pulp Fiction, in the beginning Jules and Vince are in the car on their way to shoot someone, but are having a normal conversation about burgers. Tarantino also likes to play with graphics on screen, he often , uses captions on screen to show what is happening, or show the time it is when something happens, this happens in all of his films.  Another thing that is done by Tarantino is his invention of products, instead of using existing products and therefore using product placement, Tarantino likes to invent his own products to use, for example he invents the cereal we see in Kill Bill and the coffee we see in Pulp Fiction. One other thing that Tarantino often includes in his films, as that we see the same sequence but from a different perspective. This happens in Jackie Brown, when we see the women leaving the money in the changing room of a shop and it being picked up by someone else, twice but the perspective of two different people so are seeing two sides to the same story.  Tarantinos films are very different to the films of other directors in the way the narrative is structured, the types of storyline, the characters and the references in them. For this reason it is quite clear that Tarantino is a true auteur. Martin Scorsese is also considered an auteur, his films are all linked in some way or other and all have his signature over them. One film critic said of Scorsese Martys such an auteur; every frame of Raging Bull has his stamp on it. This is also said to be true of all of his films.  Martin Scorsese is hugely interested in the three themes of violence, religion and redemption; this can be seen in his films. The basic story line for each of the films is based around these themes.  Taxi driver (1976) is the story of a Manhattan Taxi driver, and his slow fall into insanity through a path of religion and violence. Travis is an insomniac living in New York; as a result of his insomnia he takes a job as night Taxi driver.

The Use of I in First Person Narration

The Use of I in First Person Narration The Use of â€Å"I† in First Person Narration The Use of â€Å"I† in First Person Narration By Maeve Maddox Graham Broadley wrote: If I am writing a short story in the first person are there any tips or tricks for avoiding the overuse of the word i? My usual writing style leans towards short sentences but this seems to increase the frequency of the word â€Å"I† popping up.   Are longer sentences a way round the problem? Also, Im trying to avoid sentences starting with â€Å"I†.   Do you have any advice, tips and tricks for writing in the first person? It is inevitable that writing in first person will require frequent use of I, me, and myespecially I. This should not present a problem. In a first person narration, the pronoun â€Å"I† is probably as invisible to the reader as the word â€Å"said.† Besides, the point of writing in first person is to establish an intimate bond with the reader. The reader becomes the â€Å"I† of the story. Listen to your own words and thoughts during the course of a day. The word â€Å"I† is probably the most frequent word that forms in your mind and comes from your mouth. Plenty of websites discuss the use of first person narration, but I think the best way to see what works and what doesn’t is to analyze a published work of fiction. You might want to analyze some of your favorite writers to see how they deal with the pronoun I. For example, in preparing this post I took a close look at the way Laurie R. King handles it. Laurie R. King is a prolific writer, averaging a book a year since the publication of her first novel in 1993. She has created not one, but two mystery series. One is set in contemporary California and features Inspector Kate Martinelli. The other is set in the era of Sherlock Holmes and features Mary Russell. King has also written several stand-alone novels. So far I’ve read only some of the Mary Russell books. I find them intelligent, entertaining, and unputdownable. I’ll analyze a few pages to see how King deals with the problems mentioned by our reader. In the first chapter of A Letter of Mary, about 2,000 words, the pronoun â€Å"I† appears 60 times. Note: All of these figures are approximate. Here’s the breakdown on how the pronoun I is distributed: Mary 39 Holmes 7 Dorothy Ruskin (in a letter) 14. The paragraph with the greatest number contains nine: †Megalomania, perhaps; senility, never.† I stood and watched a small fishing boat lying off shore, and I wondered what to do. The work was going slowly, and I could ill afford to take even half a day away from it. On the other hand, it would be a joy to spend some time with that peculiar old lady, whom I indeed remembered very well. Also, Holmes seemed interested. It would at least provide a distraction until I could decide what needed doing for him. â€Å"All right, we’ll have her here a day sooner, then, on the Wednesday. I’ll suggest the noon train. I’m certain Mrs Hudson can be persuaded to leave something for our tea, so we need not risk our visitor’s health. I also think I’ll go to Town tomorrow and drop by the British Museum for a while. Will you come?† Sentence length does not seem to have much to do with the frequency of I. King’s sentences tend to be long. Sentences that begin with the pronoun I don’t particularly jump out. In the analyzed passage, 14 of the narrator’s 39 subject pronouns begin sentences. Bottom line: Write your first person story without worrying about the pronouns. You can always see ways to reduce them in revision, if you think it’s necessary. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:16 Substitutes for â€Å"Because† or â€Å"Because Of†The Possessive ApostropheMay Have vs. Might Have

Sculptures of Ancient India and Greece Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sculptures of Ancient India and Greece - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that if one takes a look at the ancient statutes of gods that both cultures produced, one will be able to see that there are some similarities between them. Zeus of Artemisium and Shiva of Brahmaputra Valley show the deities in positions that feature the perfect balance of posture. Indeed, while Zeus is standing firm and his feet, Shiva is dancing. However, each posture is elegant. On the other hand, these two sculptures also show the differenced between the approaches. Thus, Zeus is shown as an athletic middle-aged man, while Shiva is depicted as having eight arms. Nevertheless, it would not occur to the Ancient Indians that having eight arms is not realistic. Now, it may be advantageous to turn to the analysis of the sculptures that depict people. The two examples that will be used are the famous Discobolus and Dancing girl from Mohenjo-daro. As for the similarities that these two works of art possess, one might suggest that they give the r ights proportions of the human body create an adequate image of a person. However, there is a significant difference: while the body in Discobolus is shown in all correct anatomic details, Dancing girl provides only a general appearance of the body, allowing the audience to focus on the spiritual message that it sends. This means that the Greek statue is similar to the contemporary photo, but is made in marble, while the art of Ancient India is more concerned with the meaning than with the actual form. As one can clearly see, the differences in the depiction of gods and men that were explored in the paragraphs above might be easily explained if one recalls the cultural values and ideas that were dominant in Ancient India.

Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 4

Business - Essay Example The product to be marketed is a wide range of cosmetics (100%Vegetarian) especially lipsticks, and it would be launched in the Indian market by the name: To enter into a new market firstly a Market Research has to be done and thus, I have prepared a questionnaire for the females between 16-55 yr as a part of my Primary Market Research analysis. Also I have applied Porter’s Five Forces Model i.e. the threat of substitute products, the threat of the entry of new competitors, the intensity of competitive rivalry, the bargaining power of customers, and the bargaining power of suppliers. Culture is the manner in which things are performed within a society, community or nation. Culture is not a trait that comes with birth but it is learnt over a span of several years. The major things that can be observed amongst Indian culture are as follows:- The Terpstra and Sarathy Cultural Framework helps marketing managers to assess the cultural nature of an international market. The Eight categories are Language, Religion, Values and Attitudes, Education, Social Organizations, Technology and Material Culture, Law and Politics and Aesthetics. 1. Language: - There are as many as 22 official languages in India. The national language of the country is Hindi and most of the people in the country are quite well versed with English as well owning to the British rule in the country for around 200 years. 2. Religion: India is considered to be a land of unity in diversity. Many religions are practiced in the country including Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Islamism, Sikhism, Christianity etc. The cow is considered sacred in Hinduism. She is the one who should be worshipped for the various graces she bestows on humanity. 40% of the total population is Vegetarian. 3. Values and Attitude:- Generally people in India have a high regard for their elders. Although traditional roles are changing, especially in urban areas, there

Economics Coursework - Demand Essay Example for Free

Economics Coursework Demand Essay Manufacturers and dealers want UK to follow Europe into scheme to give cash to drivers who scrap old cars to buy new The government was facing renewed pleas to bail out Britains ailing motor industry yesterday as figures showed sales of new cars had dropped by almost a third year on year. Only 313,912 cars were registered in March a 30.5% fall in sales from this time last year, figures from the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT) showed, prompting fresh calls for the government to pay motorists to trade in their old cars for new ones. The motor industry and lobby groups are hoping this months budget will include a scrappage scheme, under which car owners are given a financial incentive of about à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2,000 to swap their old vehicle for a new greener model. Treasury officials have told the industry they are seriously considering including such a stimulus in the budget a fortnight tomorrow although ministers publicly insist that no decision has been taken. A scrappage scheme in Germany which offers car owners à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2,500 (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2,263) for getting rid of any vehicle over nine years old has attracted more than half a million buyers, with sales soaring 40% there in March. The SMMT estimates that 280,000 Britons would take advantage of a similar programme over an 18-month period. This would cost around à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½560m, a figure the SMMT told the Guardian would involve a net cost of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½150-160m. The rest of the money would come from the VAT charged on new cars. But green groups counselled against such a knee jerk response and said the money could be better used to fund sustainable transport solutions. Some environmental organisations fear funds could be diverted from existing pots of money set aside by the government for investment in green technologies, such as the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½400m earmarked in the pre-budget report for an environmental transformation fund, which supports the development of new low-carbon energy and energy efficiency technologies in the UK. Pro-motoring lobbyists argue that if the government does not move quickly to boost the industry, further jobs would be lost and some manufacturers may transfer their business to other countries. In Whitehall, the debate is still swirling over the wisdom of adopting a scrappage scheme. Lord Mandelson, the business secretary, said in February that his department was examining the experience of other countries, notably Germany, to see whether it would work in Britain and carmakers were asked to produce costed proposals, but no decision has been made. David Cameron told the Guardian in January that the Tories were looking at the idea but he was yet to be convinced. In the meantime, demand for cars has crashed across the world, throwing the global industry into its biggest crisis and forcing American giants General Motors and Chrysler to the brink of bankruptcy. Manufacturers in the UK have also been hit, with factories such as Hondas plant at Swindon mothballed and thousands of jobs cut. Last months decline in sales follows falls of 30.9% in January 2009 and 21.9% in February. March, when new number plates are issued, is a key period for the industry and traditionally accounts for nearly a fifth of annual sales. If things do not improve, the SMMT is forecasting that only 1.72m new vehicles will be sold in 2009, compared with 2.13m in 2008. However, there was one bright note with the rise of the small car segment, where sales increased 84%, indicating a trend towards downsizing among consumers. The top three best-selling models were the Ford Fiesta, Vauxhall Corsa and Ford Focus. Yesterday SMMT chief executive, Paul Everitt, said: March new-car registrations are a barometer of confidence in the economy, from businesses and consumers alike. The fall in the market shows that the government needs to do more to boost confidence. A scrappage scheme will provide the incentive needed and the evidence is clear that schemes already implemented across Europe do work to increase demand. The UK is the only major European market not to implement a scheme. Edmund King, the president of the AA, said: The latest figures show the stark difference between a country with a scrappage scheme and one without. A vehicle-scrappage scheme has the potential to reduce emissions, reduce accidents and their severity whilst giving a boost to the UK motor industry. There are many benefits from getting older gross polluters off the road. But green groups counselled against introducing such a scheme. Peter Lipman, policy director at Sustrans, the sustainable transport charity, said it would be a really, really bad idea, wherever the money is coming from. There are so many better ways of spending government money if you are trying to deal with both the recession and climate change, he added. The RAC motoring strategist, Adrian Tink, said: The introduction of any car-scrappage scheme needs to be contingent on balancing the economic benefits with a concern for the environment. The scheme needs to be as much about getting old, high-polluting cars off the road as it is about stimulating car sales. The dire sales figures bode ill for the economic recovery because new car sales are seen as a key indicator of consumer confidence. When the UK went into recession in the early 1990s, new car registrations dropped for 27 successive months. At one point, sales that had reached an annual peak of 2.3million in the late-1980s dipped as low as 1.5million. IB Economics: Internal Assessment Commentary Car industry begs for budget boost from Alistair Darling The article Car industry begs for budget boost from Alistair Darling found on the web page of The Guardian discusses the effects of the current recession on the car industry, particularly in the UK. The article states according to the SMMT a 30 % fall in sales from the year before at the same time. In order to take a first step to solving the problem the motor industry hopes to impose the scrappage scheme.. The drop of demand for cars during the recession creates an example of the laws of demand and supply. Demand is the quantity of a good or a service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at a given price in a given time period. Supply is the willingness and ability of producers to produce a quantity of a good or service at a given price in a given time period. Consumers being aware of the recession will rather save their money than choose to spend it on luxury purchase. The fall in income due to the recession has, according to the laws of supply and demand and assuming that all other things stay equal (Ceterus Paribus), caused the fall of demand. Although the article doesnt state a percentage of the fall in income of the population, the income elasticity of demand for vehicles can be described as at least unitary if not elastic, the examples will make an attempt to prove this. Income elasticity of demand measures the proportionate response of quantity demanded to a proportionate change in income. The article gives two proves for that: First, the thought of the coming recession has already let people stop buying cars by 30.5% from one year to the other. People wont buy any luxury goods in bad times. And second, subsidising car buyers by about 2000à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ (scrappage scheme) will increase the purchases in a month by 40%. The fall in demand will also cause an excess supply even if the motor industry stops production directly. All car producers will hence have a massive amount of cars that are just not being bought because there is no demand. According to the rules of supply and demand, as demand falls, quantity supplied decreases as well. In this particular case, the quantity supplied decreases as well but probably not as much as it could to find a new equilibrium, the price at which supply equals demand. Why this is the case will be explained after the following The following graph will show how a fall in demand will cause the demand curve to shift to the left and therefore a fall in the quantity supplied of cars to find a new equilibrium. It can be seen that cars sales fell by nearly 25 % from 2008 to 2009 As stated above, this development is not quite that what happens in reality. According to the rules of unemployment, unemployment is a lagging factor and the demand for labour depends on the demand for, in this case, cars. That means that it begins to rise some time after the recession began. This is because of several reasons such as that firms want to keep skilled workers and will delay redundancies hoping that things might get better. Since firms want to keep skilled workers they would have to keep up the production to a certain extend. Of course production will decrease what will cause cyclical employment but to a certain extend production will be kept up to occupy the workers. The term cyclical unemployment can be defined as occurring when the economy is growing more slowly than estimated as the demand for labour is interdependent on the demand for goods and services. This situation cant be kept up for long because firms lose money spending more money on workers they try to keep than actually gaining through sales and go bankrupt if the recession doesnt end or if they are not being subsidized by the government. Hence the motor industry searches for ways of pushing demand. A possible solution could be the scrappage scheme which encourages motorists to swap their old cars against new ones by giving the buyer about 2000à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ directly. The effect of the scheme on the demand for cars can be seen on the following diagram: Demand rises again due to the encouragement and shifts the demand curve to the right again. Concluding one can say that the law of supply and demand is displayed in the real world. In the article Car industry begs for budget boost from Alistair darling it is clearly shown how recession can affect the demand for cars and how therefore demand for labour interdepends on demand for, in this case, cars. Furthermore it can also be stated that things like the scrappage scheme can encourage demand again.

Anabolic Steroids Essay -- Drugs Veterinarian Biochemistry Essays

Anabolic Steroids Of the diagnostic methods available to veterinarians, the clinical chemistry test has developed into a valuable aid for localizing pathologic conditions. This test is actually a collection of specially selected individual tests. With just a small amount of whole blood or serum, many body systems can be analyzed. Some of the more common screenings give information about the function of the kidneys, liver, and pancreas and about muscle and bone disease. There are many blood chemistry tests available to doctors. This paper covers the some of the more common tests. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is an end-product of protein metabolism. Like most of the other molecules in the body, amino acids are constantly renewed. In the course of this turnover, they may undergo deamination, the removal of the amino group. Deamination, which takes place principally in the liver, results in the formation of ammonia. In the liver, the ammonia is quickly converted to urea, which is relatively nontoxic, and is then released into the bloodstream. In the blood, it is readily removed through the kidneys and excreted in the urine. Any disease or condition that reduces glomerular filtration or increases protein catabolism results in elevated BUN levels. Creatinine is another indicator of kidney function. Creatinine is a waste product derived from creatine. It is freely filtered by the glomerulus and blood levels are useful for estimating glomerular filtration rate. Muscle tissue contains phosphocreatinine which is converted to creatinine by a nonenzymatic process. This spontaneous degradation occurs at a rather consistent rate (Merck, 1991). Causes of increases of both BUN and creatinine can be divided into three major categoriesprerenal, renal, and postrenal. Prerenal causes include heart disease, hypoadrenocorticism and shock. Postrenal causes include urethral obstruction or lacerations of the ureter, bladder, or urethra. True renal disease from glomerular, tubular, or interstitial dysfunction raises BUN and creatinine levels when over 70% of the nephrons become nonfunctional (Sodikoff, 1995). Glucose is a primary energy source for living organisms. The glucose level in blood is normally controlled to within narrow limits. Inadequate or excessive amounts of glucose or the inability to metabolize glucose can affect nearly every system in the body. Low blood gl... ...ecomes less invasive to the patient. The more information that is made available to the doctor allows a faster diagnosis and recovery for the patient. Bibliography Barrie, Joan and Timothy D. G. Watson. â€Å"Hyperlipidemia.† Current Veterinary Therapy XII. Ed. John Bonagura. PhiladelphiaW. B. Saunders, 1995. Bistner, Stephen l. Kirk and Bistner’s Handbook of Veterinary Procedures and Emergency Treatment. PhiladelphiaW. B. Saunders, 1995. de Morais, HSA and William W. Muir. â€Å"Strong Ions and Acid-Base Disorders.† Current Veterinary Therapy XII. Ed. John Bonagura. PhiladelphiaW. B. Saunders, 1995. Fraser, Clarence M., ed. The Merck Veterinary Manual, Seventh Edition. Rahway, N. J.Merck & Co., 1991. Garrett, Reginald H. and Charles Grisham. Biochemistry. Fort WorthSaunders College Publishing, 1995. Lehninger, Albert, David Nelson and Michael Cox. Principles of Biochemistry. New YorkWorth Publishers, 1993. Schmidt-Nielsen, Knut. Animal PhysiologyAdaptation and environment. New YorkCambridge University Press, 1995. Sodikoff, Charles. Labratory Profiles of Small Animal Diseases. Santa BarbaraAmerican Veterinary Publications, 1995.

Criminal Justice Enforcement policies Essay

The most severe law enforcement will achieve little if lower-class urban offenders can see no legitimate way to solve their problems or satisfy their aspirations. At the absolute best it could turn the criminals into a passive underclass which is forever dependent on welfare benefits. Even then the most energetic and ambitious members of this underclass would eventually be targeted by recruiters for organized crime or terrorist organizations. Social improvements alone will be ineffective if the atmosphere of fear and hopelessness which pervades crime-ridden areas prevents local people from taking advantage of them, or if the improvement are sabotaged by those who have a stake in the existing situation (e. g. loan-sharks and gang-leaders). So we need a combination of: †¢ Long-term measures to enable people to improve their own lives. †¢ Medium-term measures to mitigate the situation while the long-term measures are in progress, and to deal with the difficulties which a few people will continue to experience – it’s unrealistic to expect that we can solve all urban social problems completely. †¢ Improved law enforcement to prevent the situation from getting worse and to give the locals confidence that their efforts will not be undermined by random crimes and will not be sabotaged by those who have a stake in the existing situation. The term â€Å"law enforcement† needs further analysis, which I will supply in the next section. Law enforcement Overview of law enforcement This has three main components: †¢ Policing †¢ The legal system †¢ Sentencing – in this essay I regard prison construction and operation as part of the infrastructure which supports sentencing. To save space I will not consider the legal system here, since the question specifically mentioned policing and sentencing (references to prisons and the death penalty) but not the legal system. Policing To remove crime-induced fear and hopelessness and to discourage those who have a stake in the existing situation from sabotaging improvements I recommend the â€Å"New York† policing model (described by Griffith, 1999): †¢ Zero tolerance for all crime, even minor vandalism. This will often deter offenders from â€Å"progressing† to more serious crimes. †¢ Making senior local officers accountable for the performance of their units. †¢ Information systems which enable officers at all levels to identify and respond to the highest-priority requirements. To make it clear to local communities that this is for their benefit and not just an exercise in â€Å"aggressive policing†, local governments should: †¢ Explain to local people the objectives of the project and the standards which are to govern police conduct. †¢ Provide channels through which locals can easily raise and swiftly resolve issues, including any complaints about the behavior of the police. These channels must be conspicuously independent of the police. Sentencing In mild cases, e. g. minor vandalism and assaults, I recommend: †¢ Community service sentences, where possible in forms which compensate the victims. This also teach the offenders to get along with law-abiding members of their local communities and hopefully will encourage local people to see some good in the offenders. Some offenders should also be required to attend appropriate rehabilitation or training centers, to help them to manage their finances better or to stop using addictive drugs or to manage grievances without resorting to crime. We should probably reduce their community service workload a little to avoid seeing to punish these offenders more severely than other categories. †¢ Electronic tags which track offender’s movements, to deter against re-offending or evasion of community service. Tags will also make it easier to protect former teenage gangsters against threats and other pressures to re-join their old gangs, and in some cases it may also be helpful to provide with young offenders with panic buttons in case they are attacked by their old gangs or by rival gangs which regard them as easy targets. †¢ Prison sentences (described below) for those who violate the terms of their initial sentences without overwhelmingly good reasons. Prison sentences are necessary for serious crimes because the continued presence of serious offenders in their local communities will cause fear and therefore undermine attempts at longer-term improvements. In many cases, particularly for young offenders, work and education camps in sparsely-populated areas may be more suitable than traditional prisons: †¢ Such camps would separate the offenders both from the social environments in which they turned to crime and from the company of hardened criminals. †¢ Escape would be difficult because of the isolated locations and the offenders’ ignorance of the local geography. †¢ The offenders should be required to erect and maintain as much of the camp facilities as possible. This would both teach them they can only get comforts by working and provide a sense of achievement with each improvement in the camp environment. †¢ There should be plenty of opportunities to earn privileges by work and by educational progress. †¢ Camps would be cheaper to construct and maintain than traditional prisons. I will explain at the end my views on the death penalty. Reducing teenage gangsterism Teenage gangsters desire higher status than they can acquire by legitimate means, and value the regard of their peers more highly than the opinions of adults. The youths are often born into sub-cultures which are at least partially alienated from the rest of our society by †¢ Barriers such as poverty and discrimination. †¢ Sub-culture values such as extreme machismo. Typical crimes include vandalism, assault and murder, and small-scale armed robbery. In addition to their direct costs, these crimes often create an air of fear and hopelessness in the areas affected, which perpetuates the problem by persuading the next generation of teenagers that the only path to safety, status and prosperity is via gang membership. Remedial measures In the long term we must remove the motivation by providing accessible legitimate paths to higher status and prosperity: †¢ Education which is comprehensible to the urban youths but enables them to earn status and wealth in legitimate ways. For example it may initially have to be delivered in the local patois but it must aim to make students proficient in standard English so that they can enter higher levels of education and / or obtain better-paid jobs. †¢ Advice for the teenagers and their families on how to manage their lives, finances, careers and education. †¢ Access to resources such as books and the Internet. Public libraries are the most obvious way to provide these. We must also provide legitimate short-term outlets for teenagers’ ambitions and energies. The most obvious one is sports, which will particularly appeal to the strongest, most competitive and most aggressive teenagers – the potential gang-leaders. I therefore suggest: †¢ Facilities for those who wish to play various sports on a casual basis. †¢ Clubs for those who wish to improve their performance and gain wider reputations. †¢ Organized competitions and leagues at all levels from local to national, for the really ambitious. Reducing crimes committed because of financial crises Long term reduction in personal financial crises requires a fairly complex package including: †¢ Improved education to enable people to obtain better-paid jobs. †¢ Advice on personal financial management. Hopefully these crises will eventually become less common, but they will probably never disappear completely, so there will always be a need for palliatives: †¢ Cheap, quick, reliable legal advice for common types of case. †¢ Inexpensive but not subsidized loans to enable people to survive these crises without resorting to crime. Repayment should where possible be secured by small deductions from the borrowers’ incomes (including any welfare benefits). Credit unions (see ABCUL 2003) should be encouraged as they provide a sense of local involvement, control and responsibility. Reducing drug-related crimes There are at least two types of drug-related crime: †¢ Those committed by addicts desperate for their next fix. †¢ Those committed as a result of the mood-altering effects of some drugs. There are good reasons for believing that the War on Drugs is as unsuccessful as Prohibition was (The Economist 2001 a). About 10% of all arrests in the USA are for drug offenses and about 80% of that 10% are for possession, not for sale or manufacture (The Economist, 2001 b). We need an objective review of drugs policy. This might well lead to legalization of some drugs (with regulation of their quality to minimize health risks), which would sharply reduce the prison population and, by lowering the retail price of legalized drugs, reduce robberies committed to finance purchases. The other long-term remedy is aggressive advertising about the dangers of specific drugs which are more harmful than alcohol and tobacco. This will of course have greater credibility if it follows an objective review of drugs policy. We also need rehabilitation centers to help addicts and excessive users to give up their habits. Crimes induced by a sense of grievance This category is very diverse, including grievances: †¢ which a reasonable person may regard as justified, unjustified or partly justified. †¢ against a wide range of targets, from individuals to the highest levels of government or society as a whole. For as long as some areas are severely disadvantaged in incomes, jobs, schools, etc. there will be some grievances which are at least partly justified and should be at least mitigated by a combination of: †¢ economic redevelopment and improved education. †¢ centers which advise people on legal ways of handling their grievances. This should not be limited to what is normally termed counseling but should include coaching in legal ways of influencing the behavior of and or / hitting back at the sources of grievances. The death penalty The death penalty for murder is arguably no more immoral than killing an enemy soldier in a war. But I oppose it because all legal systems are fallible, and it’s impossible to correct a miscarriage of justice after a person has been executed. Incorrect convictions have arisen in cases where: †¢ Judges misinterpret or misapply the law (e. g. Center on Wrongful Convictions 2004) †¢ The defendant had poor legal representation (American University Law Review 1995 mentions cases where defense lawyers made procedural mistakes in capital cases). †¢ Failure of the prosecutors to disclose information which might help the defense. †¢ Police obtained evidence or confessions improperly, or tampered with or fabricated evidence. †¢ Expert witnesses showed bias in favor of the prosecution either because of their personal opinions or because doing so was to their long-term financial advantage. Unfortunately these miscarriages are not rare exceptions – Northwestern University School of Law’s Center on Wrongful Convictions found that In the quarter century between restoration of the Illinois death penalty and Governor George Ryan’s blanket clemency order, 289 men and women were sentenced to death in Illinois. Of those, 18 have been exonerated — a rate in excess of 6. 2%. (Center on Wrongful Convictions, 2005) The risk of miscarriages has probably risen after 9/11 because police and prosecutors will be under even greater pressure to close terrorist cases and other high-profile murders. Conclusion The original question is flawed because it: †¢ does not define the range of crimes with which it is concerned. †¢ presents an â€Å"either-or† choice between stronger law enforcement and prevention, including social services and education, as ways of reducing crime. For the categories of crime reviewed here both improved law enforcement and preventive measure are needed – neither can succeed alone. I oppose the death penalty because justice systems have shown themselves to be too fallible in high-profile cases. References ABCUL (2003), About Credit Unions accessed May 2005 from http://www. abcul. org/page/about/intro. cfm American University Law Review (1995), The Death Penalty in the Twenty-First Century accessed May 2005 from http://www. wcl. american. edu/journal/lawrev/45/death. html Center on Wrongful Convictions (2004) Pollock: Exonerated accessed May 2005 from http://www. law. northwestern. edu/depts/clinic/wrongful/exonerations/Pollock. htm Center on Wrongful Convictions (2005) The Death Penalty accessed May 2005 from http://www. law. northwestern. edu/depts/clinic/wrongful/deathpenalty. htm Griffith, Gareth (1999), Zero Tolerance Policing accessed May 2005 from http://www. parliament. nsw. gov. au/prod/parlment/publications. nsf/0/796C90ABE8349FDFCA256ECF0008CE11 The Economist (2001 a), Stumbling in the dark (about drugs policy) accessed May 2005 from http://www. economist. com/surveys/displaystory. cfm? story_id=706591 The Economist (2001 b), Collateral damage (of the War on Drugs) accessed May 2005 from http://www. economist. com/surveys/displayStory. cfm? story_id=708550

Black Americans And Indian Americans - 2476 Words

Black Americans and Indian Americans Institute of affiliation Name Date Abstract This paper explores the cultures of the dominant Indian-American culture and the Black American ethnic communities. Their way of life including their historical pasts, languages, religious ways and social relations will be deeply enumerated. A comparison will be included and similarities and differences drawn between the two groups. The groups will be compared on how they can interact in a professional setting and lastly it will depict how the two can interact with the dominant ethnic group on all aspects. Introduction The United States of America has always had a diverse population of people from different racial and ethnic backgrounds. As a†¦show more content†¦The US minority groups include the blacks, Asian Americans, Hawaiians and American Indians. Based on gender, men are the majority while the women are the minority with the religious category including the Muslims, Amish, Mormons and Roman Catholics as the minorities. The class that will be considered and laid emphasis on in this paper is the ethnic classification. The rich cultural diversity that the Indian Americans and African Americans brought into America can be identified through their cultures and how they interact and relate to one another. Through this paper, I will discuss the elements of each culture, compare and contrast the differences and similarities and how the two may interact with the dominant group as minority groups. African-Americans Most of the African Americans in the United States have their roots deeply embedded in Africa. The Africans were held captive in the US from 1555 to 1865 when the slave trade was rampant (Tishkoff, et al., 2009). The African Americans had numerous titles such as Negroes and Colored, but the terms are no longer accepted in English and currently people of the ethnic group are referred to as African Americans or Blacks. The Blacks originated from the numerous ethnic groups from mainly the Central and Western Africa. Another minority group originated from eastern and south-eastern Africa. The different groups may have been different